Environmental Data Report, 2018 and 2019
Massachusetts Port Authority · from Massport · 891 pages · 132.3 MB
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2 0 1 8 / 2 0 1 9 EDR E N V I R O N M E N TA L D ATA R E P O R T B O S T O N L O G A N I N T E R N AT I O N A L A I R P O R T SUBMITTED TO Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, MEPA Office SUBMITTED BY Massachusetts Port Authority Strategic & Business Planning PREPARED BY IN ASSOCIATION WITH Harris Miller Miller & Hanson KB Environmental Sciences ICF Inter VISTAS Consulting D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 0 E E A # 3 247 BOSTON LOGAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 2018/2019 E D R ENVIRONMENTAL DATA REPORT December SUBMITTED TO PREPARED BY 2020 Executive Office of Energy at! and Environmental Affairs, ~=Vhb EEA #3247 MEPA Office ° SUBMITTED BY IN ASSOCIATION WITH Massachusetts Port Authority Harris Miller Miller & Hanson Strategic & Business Planning KB Environmental Sciences ICF InterVISTAS Consulting oy ue Printed on recycled paper. December 31, 2020 The Honorable Kathleen A. Theoharides, Secretary Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs Attn: Anne Canaday, EEA 3247 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 900 Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Re: Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 Environmental Data Report - EEA #3247 Dear Secretary Theoharides and Director Kim: On behalf of the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport), we are pleased to submit this 2018/2019 Environmental Data Report (EDR) for Boston Logan International Airport. This filing continues Massport’s nearly four -decade practice of providing an extensive record of Logan Airport environmental trends, facility planning, operations and passenger data, and Massport’s mitigation commitments. As a follow-up to the 2017 Environmental Status and Planning Report (ESPR) , and with the Secretary’s approval, this EDR combines reporting for 2018 and 2019. This EDR was prepared in 2020 during the ongoing COVID-19 worldwide pandemic. Accordingly, Massport has strived to include relevant updates through fall 2020. The dramatic nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impacts to the broader world, the U.S. and local economies, and to the aviation industry in particular, triggered a significant decline in Massport’s financial condition, causing deferrals to projects or programs that were in place in 2018 and 2019 and planned for 2020 and beyond. Beginning in March 2020, flights in and out of Logan Airport were dramatically reduced and passenger levels dropped by over 90 percent at the peak of the pandemic in the spring and summer of 2020. As a result, there are far fewer aircraft operations and passengers and a dramatic drop in overall Logan Airport activity. While activity levels began a slow recovery in mid-summer 2020, the ongoing wave of COVID-19 cases has resulted in continued historically low levels of activity, with a full recovery years away. As of October 2020, total flight operations are down by 50 percent and passenger levels are down by about 70 percent compared to 2019. Massport expects 2020 annual passenger levels to have dropped to levels of activity not seen since the mid-1970s. As a result of this significant reduction in Airport activity and dramatic reduction in revenues, both Massport and our airline and other tenants have adjusted their capital and operations plans. Concurrently, the schedule for a number of Airport projects and programs have been revised significantly. In an effort to be as transparent as possible, Chapter 3, Airport Planning includes the most current project updates through October 2020. Secretary Kathleen A. Theoharides Page 2 December 31, 2020 The growth at Logan Airport that was experienced through early 2020 was tied closely to the strong local, regional, national, and international economies and its role as the major airport to a region that is the home to world-class educational and medical institutions, cutting-edge technology companies, rich historical resources, and extensive tourism. Logan Airport ’s recovery and the timeframe once the COVID-19 pandemic ends will similarly be driven by the national and regional economic recovery. Massport continues to evaluate and plan for the recovery of aircraft operations and air passenger activity and remains committed to implementing the broad range of environmental and operating strategies designed to reduce the impacts associated with Airport operations. However, there is high uncertainty regarding the duration of Massport’s financial crisis and the timing of flights, passenger, and business recovery. As a result, the deferral of certain projects and programs will be evaluated on an ongoing basis. Forthcoming EDRs will continue to provide operations, project, and programmatic updates, as available. As we look forward, Massport will continue to seek opportunities to implement measures designed to reduce Logan Airport ’s operating and environmental impacts. Such measures will be tied to High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) strategies, noise abatement procedures, emission reduction and energy efficiency measures, as well as continued information sharing with interested stakeholders and our neighbors. Additionally, this EDR, in response to community input, includes an expansion of the discussions on the evolving science and studies of aircraft noise and emissions and associated public health investigations. Through both this EDR and future EDRs/ESPRs, we hope both to share most recent, available information and, where possible, support those studies that will ultimately guide evolving regulations and mitigation strategies. EDR Content and Structure The 2018/2019 EDR responds to the Secretary’s Certificate on the Boston Logan International Airport 2017 ESPR dated November 25, 2019. The EDR also updates 2018 and 2019 (and later where available) conditions for the following categories: • Passenger levels, aircraft operations, aircraft fleets, and cargo volumes; • Planning, design, and construction activities at Logan Airport; • Regional transportation statistics and initiatives; • Key environmental indicators (Ground Access, Noise Abatement, Air Quality/Emissions Reduction, and Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality); • Status of Logan Airport project mitigation; and • Sustainability initiatives. The 2018/2019 EDR includes the Secretary’s Certificate on the 2017 ESPR and associated comment letters. Recent Certificates received on the Logan Airport Parking Project (EEA# 15665) and Terminal E Modernization Project (EEA# 15434), which included items to be addressed in future EDRs and the ESPR are also included. Appendix D, Distribution presents the EDR distribution list and supporting technical appendices are included in the attached CD. Secretary Kathleen A. Theoharides Page 3 December 31, 2020 Review Period, Distribution, and Consultation Massport has requested EEA’s consideration of an extended 45-day public comment period for this EDR in consideration of the multi-year nature of this document. Based on this request, the public comment period will begin on January 6, 2021, the publication date of the next MEPA Environmental Monitor , and will end on February 22, 2021. The distribution list included as Appendix D indicates which listed parties will receive a printed copy of this EDR or notice of availability with a link to the document on Massport’s website . As with the recent EDRs and other Massport environmental filings, this EDR is presented in its entirety on Massport’s website ( http://www.massport.com/massport/about- massport/project-environmental-filings/ ). A public virtual consultation session on the 2018/2019 EDR will be planned for late January/early February 2021. Details on the date of the meeting will be posted on Massport’s website at https://www.massport.com/massport/about-massport/project-environmental-filings/ . Additional copies of the 2018/2019 EDR may be obtained by calling (617) 568-3546 or emailing bwashburn@massport.com during the public comment period. We look forward to your review of this document and to consultation with the MEPA Office and other reviewers. Please feel free to contact me at sdalzell@massport.com , if you have any questions. Sincerely, Massachusetts Port Authority Stewart Dalzell, Deputy Director Environmental Planning & Permitting, Strategic & Business Planning Department cc: J. Barrera, F. Leo, A. Coppola, C. McDonald, B. Washburn/Massport Secretary Kathleen A. Theoharides Page 4 December 31, 2020 This Page Intentionally Left Blank. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents i Table of Contents 1 Introduction/Executive Summary ....................................................................... 1-1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................1-1 Logan Airport Environmental Review Process.........................................................................1-5 Logan Airport Planning Context ...................................................................................................1-6 Passenger and Aircraft Activity Growth at Logan Airport...................................................1-9 Logan Airport Activity Levels are Closely Tied to the Regional and National Economy .............................................................................................................................................. 1-10 Massport Investment in Logan Airport ................................................................................... 1-12 2018 and 2019 Highlights and Key Findings ........................................................................ 1-13 Organization of the 2018/2019 EDR ........................................................................................ 1-34 1 Introducción/Resumen Ejectivo (Spanish Executive Summary) ....................... 1-1 2 Activity Levels ....................................................................................................... 2-1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................2-1 COVID-19 Effect on the Airline Industry ....................................................................................2-4 Air Passenger Levels in 2018 and 2019 ......................................................................................2-7 Aircraft Operation Levels in 2018 and 2019 .......................................................................... 2-11 Airline Passenger Service in 2018 and 2019 ......................................................................... 2-17 Cargo Activity Levels in 2018 and 2019 .................................................................................. 2-21 3 Airport Planning ................................................................................................... 3-1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3-1 Ground Transportation and Parking Planning ....................................................................... 3- 8 Terminal Area Planning ................................................................................................................. 3- 15 Airside Planning ................................................................................................................................ 3- 20 Service Area Planning .................................................................................................................... 3- 24 Airport Buffer Areas and Open Space Planning ................................................................ .. 3- 30 Energy, Resiliency, and Sustainability Planning ................................................................ ... 3- 35 4 Regional Transportation ...................................................................................... 4-1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 4-3 New England Regional Airports ................................................................................................... 4-3 Strong Regional Economy Drives Growth at Logan Airport ............................................. 4-5 New England Regional Trends ................................................................................................... 4-11 Worcester Regional Airport (ORH) ........................................................................................... 4-18 Hanscom Field (BED) ...................................................................................................................... 4-22 Bradley International Airport (BDL) .......................................................................................... 4-23 T.F. Green Airport (PVD) ................................................................................................................ 4-24 Manchester-Boston Regional Airport (MHT) ........................................................................ 4-25 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents ii Portland International Jetport (PWM) ..................................................................................... 4-26 Burlington International Airport (BTV) .................................................................................... 4-26 Bangor International Airport (BGR) .......................................................................................... 4-27 Tweed-New Haven Airport (HVN) ............................................................................................. 4-27 Portsmouth International Airport (PSM) ................................................................................ 4-27 Local and Regional Long-Range Transportation Planning ............................................. 4-28 5 Ground Access to and from Logan Airport ........................................................ 5-1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5-3 Ground Transportation Modes of Access to Logan Airport ............................................. 5-4 2018/2019 On-Airport Vehicle Traffic: Volumes and Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) .................................................................................................................................... 5-6 2018/2019 Ground Transportation Ridership and Activity Levels ................................ 5-10 2018 and 2019 Parking Conditions .......................................................................................... 5-21 Ground Access Initiatives .............................................................................................................. 5-28 Ground Access Goals...................................................................................................................... 5-42 6 Noise Abatement .................................................................................................. 6-1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 6-3 Noise Metrics....................................................................................................................................... 6-5 Regulatory Framework..................................................................................................................... 6-6 Noise Modeling Process ................................................................................................................. 6-6 Noise Model Inputs .......................................................................................................................... 6-7 Noise Levels in 2018 and 2019 ................................................................................................... 6-29 Supplemental Metrics .................................................................................................................... 6-44 Noise Abatement Efforts ............................................................................................................... 6-54 7 Air Quality/Emissions Reduction ........................................................................ 7-1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 7-3 Regulatory Framework..................................................................................................................... 7-6 Assessment Methodology ............................................................................................................ 7-11 Emissions Inventory in 2018 and 2019 .................................................................................... 7-15 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Assessment ........................................................................................ 7-35 Air Quality Emissions Reduction ................................................................................................ 7-46 Air Quality Management Goals .................................................................................................. 7-48 Updates on Other Air Quality Efforts ....................................................................................... 7-52 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents iii 8 Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality ......................... 8-1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 8-2 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 Certified Environmental Management System (EMS) .......................................................................................................... 8-4 Logan Airport Sustainability Management Plan (SMP) ...................................................... 8-4 Water Quality and Stormwater Management in 2018 and 2019.................................... 8-5 Fuel Use and Spills in 2018 and 2019 ...................................................................................... 8-10 Tank Management Program ....................................................................................................... 8-12 Site Assessment and Remediation ............................................................................................ 8-13 9 Environmentally Beneficial Measures and Project Mitigation Tracking .......... 9-1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 9-1 Environmentally Beneficial Measures ........................................................................................ 9- 2 Projects with Ongoing Mitigation ............................................................................................... 9- 8 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents iv List of Appendices MEPA Appendices Appendix A – MEPA Certificates and Responses to Comments Appendix B – Comment Letters and Responses Appendix C – Proposed Scope for the 2020 EDR Appendix D – Distribution Technical Appendices (Located on the Attached CD) Appendix E – Activity Levels Appendix F – Regional Transportation Appendix G – Ground Access to and from Logan Airport Appendix H – Noise Abatement Appendix I – Air Quality/Emissions Reduction Appendix J – Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality Appendix K – Peak Period Pricing Monitoring Reports Appendix L – Reduced/Single Engine Taxiing at Logan Airport Memoranda Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents v List of Tables Table No. Description Page 1-1 Logan Airport Sustainability Goals and Descriptions ..................... 1-29 1-2 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport ......................................................................... 1-31 2-1 Air Passengers by Market Segment, 1990, 1998, 2000, 2010, and 2013-2019 .................................................................................................2-9 2-2 Logan Airport Aircraft Operations (1990, 1998, 2000, 2010, and 2013-2019) ............................................................................................. 2-12 2-3 Air Passengers and Aircraft Operations, 2000, 2010-2019 .......... 2-15 2-4 Scheduled Domestic Air Passenger Operations by Airline Category, 2000, 2010, 2013-2019 .......................................................... 2-18 2-5 Scheduled International Passenger Operations by Market Segment, 2000, 2010, 2013-2019 .......................................................... 2-20 2-6 Cargo and Mail Operations and Volume (1990, 2000, and 2010-2019) ............................................................................................. 2-24 3-1 Logan Airport Short- and Long-Term Planning Initiatives .............3-6 3-2 Description and Status of Airport Ground Access Projects/Planning Concepts (October 31, 2020) ................................................................... 3-13 3-3 Description and Status of Projects/Planning Concepts in the Terminal Area (October 31, 2020).................................................. 3-17 3-4 Description and Status of Projects/Planning Concepts on the Airside (October 31, 2020) ................................................................ 3-22 3-5 Description and Status of Projects/Planning Concepts in the Service Areas (October 31, 2020) ................................................... 3-28 3-6 Description and Status of Airport Edge Buffer Projects/Open Space (October 31, 2020) ....................................................................................... 3-33 4-1 Population of Logan Airport Primary Catchment Area, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2019 .................................................................................4-7 4-2 Passenger Activity at New England Regional Airports and Logan Airport, 2000, 2010, 2015-2019 ....................................... 4-14 4-3 Aircraft Operations by Classification for New England’s Airports, 2017, 2018, 2019........................................................................................... 4-17 5-1 Logan Airport Gateways: Annual Average Daily Traffic, 2011, 2017-2019 ..............................................................................................5-7 5-2 Airport Study Area Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) for Airport-Related Traffic, 2011, 2017-2019 ........................................... 5-10 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents vi Table No. Description Page 5-3 Annual Ridership and Activity Levels on Logan Express, MBTA, and Water Transportation Services, 2011, 2017-2019............................ 5-12 5-4 Other Scheduled and Unscheduled HOV Modes: Scheduled Buses, Shared-Ride Vans, Courtesy Vehicles, and Black Car Limousines, 2011, 2017 – 2019........................................................................................... 5-18 5-5 On-Airport Commercial Parking Rates, 2017 versus 2019........... 5-27 5-6 Air Passenger Ground Access Mode Share, 2019............................ 5-31 5-7 Ground Access Mode Share (All Passengers) by Survey Year .... 5-32 5-8 Average Vehicle Occupancy for Selected Ground Access Models: 2019 .................................................................................................. 5-33 5-9 Ground Access Mode Share by Air Passenger Ground Trip Origin, 2019 .................................................................................................... 5-35 5-10 Ground-Access Mode Share by Market Segment, 2019 .............. 5-37 5-11 Ground-Access Mode Share by Market Segment (Recent Surveys)............................................................................................ 5-37 5-12 Massport RideApp Management Plan ................................................. 5-39 5-13 Long-Term Parking Management Plan Elements and Progress 5-40 5-14 Ground Access Planning Goals and Progress (2019) ..................... 5-42 6-1 Modeled Average Daily Operations by Commercial and General Aviation (GA) Aircraft .................................................................................. 6-10 6-2 Example Stage 3, Stage 4, and Stage 5 Aircraft Types Operating at Logan Airport ............................................................................................ 6-13 6-3 Percentage of Commercial Jet Operations by Part 36 Stage Category........................................................................................................... 6-13 6-4 Modeled Nighttime Operations (10:00 PM to 7:00 AM) at Logan Airport Per Night .......................................................................................... 6-14 6-5 Summary of Annual Jet Aircraft Runway Use .................................... 6-18 6-6 Effective Jet Aircraft Runway Use in Comparison to Preferential Runway Advisory System (PRAS) Goals ............................................... 6-20 6-7 Noise-Exposed Population by Community ........................................ 6-38 6-8 Measured Versus Measured – Comparison of Measured DNL Values From 2017 to 2019 ........................................................................ 6-42 6-9 Comparison of Measured DNL Values to AEDT Modeled DNL Values ................................................................................................................ 6-43 6-10 Cumulative Noise Index (CNI) (EPNdB) ............................................... 6-45 6-11 Annual Operations by Partial CNI by Airline and per Operation, 2017, 2018 and 2019................................................................................... 6-46 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents vii Table No. Description Page 6-12 Representative Neighborhoods near Logan Airport Affected by Runway Use .................................................................................................... 6-48 6-13 Time Above (TA) dBA Thresholds in a 24-Hour Period for Average Day ..................................................................................................................... 6-51 6-14 Time Above (TA) dBA Thresholds in a Nine Hour Night Period for Average Day ................................................................................................... 6-52 6-15 Airline Operations Percentages in Original Stage 3 or Equivalent Stage 4/5 Aircraft (2017 to 2019)........................................................... 6-57 6-16 Noise Complaint Line Summary ............................................................. 6-61 6-17 Noise Abatement Management Plan ................................................... 6-68 7-1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) ............................7-7 7-2 Attainment/Nonattainment Designations for the Boston Metropolitan Area ...........................................................................................7-8 7-3 State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the Boston Metropolitan Area .................................................................................................................... 7-10 7-4 AEDT 2d and AEDT 3c Aircraft Emissions Inventory Comparison .................................................................................................... 7-13 7-5 Total Emissions Inventory Comparison, 2017, 2018, and 2019 .......................................................................................................... 7-16 7-6 Estimated VOC Emissions (in kg/day) at Logan Airport, 1990, 2000, and 2010-2019 .............................................................................................. 7-19 7-7 Estimated NO x Emissions (in kg/day) at Logan Airport, 1990, 2000, and 2010-2019 .............................................................................................. 7-24 7-8 Example Stage 3, Stage 4, and Stage 5 Aircraft Types Operating at Logan Airport ............................................................................................ 7-26 7-9 Estimated CO Emissions (in kg/day) at Logan Airport, 1990, 2000, and 2010-2019 .............................................................................................. 7-29 7-10 Estimated PM 10 /PM 2.5 Emissions (in kg/day) at Logan Airport, 2010-2019 ....................................................................................................... 7-33 7-11 Ownership Categorization and Emissions Sources by Scope ..... 7-39 7-12 Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) Inventory (in MMT of CO 2 eq) at Logan Airport, 2018................................................................ 7-40 7-13 Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) Inventory (in MMT of CO 2 eq) at Logan Airport, 2019................................................................ 7-41 7-14 Comparison of Estimated Total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions (MMT of CO 2 eq) at Logan Airport – 2007 through 2019 ............. 7-42 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents viii Table No. Description Page 7-15 Massport’s Alternative Fuel Vehicle Fleet (AFV) Inventory at Logan Airport ............................................................................................................... 7-48 7-16 Air Quality Management Strategy Status ........................................... 7-49 8-1 Progress Report for Environmental Compliance and Management .....................................................................................................8-3 8-2 Stormwater Outfalls Subject to NPDES Permit Requirements ....................................................................................................8-6 8-3 Logan Airport Oil and Hazardous Material Spills and Jet Fuel Handling ................................................................................................. 8-11 8-4 Status of Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP) Active Sites at Logan Airport ................................................................................................. 8-15 9-1 West Garage Project Status Report (EEA #9790) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of October 31, 2020)......................................................................................... 9-12 9-2 Alternative Fuel Program – Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures for the West Garage Project (as of October 31, 2020)......................................................................................... 9-20 9-3 International Gateway Project Status Report (EEA #9791) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of October 31, 2020)......................................................................................... 9-24 9-4 Replacement Terminal A Project Status Report (EEA #12096) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of October 31, 2020)......................................................................................... 9-28 9-5 Logan Airside Improvements Planning Project (EEA #10458) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of October 31, 2020)......................................................................................... 9-33 9-6 Southwest Service Area (SWSA) Redevelopment Program (EEA #14137) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of October 31, 2020) ............................................................................ 9-39 9-7 Logan Airport Runway Safety Area Improvement Program (EEA #14442) Section 61 Mitigation Commitments to be Implemented (as of October 31, 2020)................................................ 9-43 9-8 Terminal E Modernization Project (EEA #15434) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of October 31, 2020) .......... 9-46 9-9 Logan Airport Parking Project (EEA #15665) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of October 31, 2020) .......... 9-52 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents ix List of Figures Figure No. Description Page 1-1 Change to Logan Airport Passenger Growth After Recent Recessions .......................................................................................................... 1-2 1-2 Seven Day Average TSA Throughput at U.S. Airports, 2019 vs. 2020 .................................................................................................... 1-3 1-3 Percent Change in Monthly TSA Throughout From Prior Year, January 2020 to November 2020 .............................................................. 1-3 1-4 Aerial View of Logan Airpot ........................................................................ 1-7 1-5 Logan Airport and Environs ........................................................................ 1-8 1-6 Logan Airport Annual Passenger Levels and Aircraft Operations (1990 – 2019) ....................................................................................................... 1-9 1-7 Total Economic Impact of Massport Airports .................................... 1-11 1-8 Aircraft Engine Technology Has Evolved Over Time ....................... 1-24 1-9 Recent Sustainability Highlights .............................................................. 1-27 1-10 LEED-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport ............................................ 1-30 1-11 Parks Owned and Operated by Massport and City of Boston .... 1-34 2-1 Change to Logan Airport Passenger Growth After Recent Recessions .......................................................................................................... 2-4 2-2 Seven Day Average TSA Throughput at U.S. Airports, 2019 vs. 2020 .................................................................................................... 2-5 2-3 Percent Change in Monthly TSA Throughout From Prior Year, January 2020 to November 2020 .............................................................. 2-5 2-4 Annual Passengers at Logan Airport Served by Top Airlines, 2000 – 2019 ...................................................................................................................... 2-8 2-5 Distribution of Logan Airport Passengers by Market Segment, 2018-2019 ........................................................................................................ 2-10 2-6 Logan Airport 2018 and 2019 Aircraft Operations by Type ......... 2-11 2-7 Logan Airport Annual Passenger Levels and Aircraft Operations (1990 – 2019) ..................................................................................................... 2-13 2-8 Passenger Aircraft Operations at Logan Airport by Aircraft Type, 2000-2019 ........................................................................................................ 2-14 2-9 Passengers per Aircraft Operation and Aircraft Load Factors (2000-2019) ..................................................................................................... 2-15 2-10 Aircraft Operations at Logan Airport by Aircraft Class, 2000-2019 ....................................................................................................... 2-16 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents x Figure No. Description Page 2-11 Domestic Non-Stop Large Jet Markets Served from Logan Airport, 2019 .................................................................................................................... 2-19 2-12 Domestic Non-Stop Regional Jet and Non-Jet Markets Served from Logan Airport, 2019........................................................................... 2-19 2-13 International Non-Stop Markets Served from Logan Airport, 2019 .................................................................................................................... 2-21 2-14 Cargo Carriers – Share of Logan Airport Cargo Volume, 2018 and 2019 ................................................................................................ 2-22 3-1 Ground-Access Mode Choice Hierarchy .............................................. 3-11 3-2 Location of Airport Ground Access Projects/Planning Concepts ........................................................................................................... 3-12 3-3 Location of Projects/Planning Concepts in the Terminal Area .................................................................................................. 3-16 3-4 Location of Projects/Planning Concepts on the Airside ................ 3-21 3-5 Logan Airport Service Areas ...................................................................... 3-26 3-6 Location of Projects/Planning Concepts in the Service Areas ..... 3-27 3-7 Parks Operated by Massport and City of Boston ............................. 3-31 3-8 Location of Airport Buffer Projects/Open Space .............................. 3-32 4-1 New England Regional Transportation System – 2018/2019 Passenger and Operations Activity Levels at the 11 Commercial Service Airports ................................................................................................ 4-4 4-2 Boston Logan International Airport Catchment Area ....................... 4-6 4-3 Logan Airport Primary Catchment Area Population Growth, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2019.............................................................................................. 4-7 4-4 Unemployment Rate Comparison: U.S., Massachusetts, and Boston Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), 2010 – 2019 ................................ 4-9 4-5 Total Economic Impact of Massport Airports .................................... 4-11 4-6 Passenger Activity at Logan Airport and Regional Airports in 2018 and 2019 ........................................................................................... 4-12 4-7 Logan Airport’s and Regional Airports’ Share of New England Passengers, 1995-2019 ............................................................................... 4-13 4-8 Passenger Activity Levels at Logan Airport (BOS), T.F. Green (PVD), Manchester-Boston Regional (MHT), and Worcester Regional (ORH) Airports, 1995, 2000-2019 ......................................... 4-15 4-9 Passenger Activity at Worcester Regional Airport, 2013-2019 ........................................................................................................ 4-20 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents xi Figure No. Description Page 5-1 Ground-Access Mode Choice Hierarchy ................................................ 5-5 5-2 Logan Airport Roadway Network ............................................................. 5-8 5-3 Logan Express Bus Service Locations, Routes, and 2018/2019 Ridership ................................................................................... 5-15 5-4 Public Transportation Options ................................................................. 5-16 5-5 Annual Rental Car Transactions at Logan Airport, 2010 – 2019.... 5-19 5-6 Annual Taxi Dispatches at Logan Airport, 2010-2019 .................... 5-20 5-7 Annual RideApp Transactions at Logan Airport, 2017-2019........ 5-20 5-8 Allocation of On-Airport Parking Spaces ............................................. 5-22 5-9 Commercial Parking: Weekly Peak Daily Occupancy, 2018 .......... 5-23 5-10 Commercial Parking: Weekly Peak Daily Occupancy, 2019 .......... 5-24 5-11 Demand for Parking: Number of Weeks per Calendar Year with High Daily Parking Demand ...................................................................... 5-25 5-12 2018 and 2019 Parking Demand and Capacity ................................. 5-25 5-13 Parking Exits by Length of Stay (Parking Duration) ......................... 5-26 5-14 Logan Airport Air Passenger Ground-Access Trip Origins ............ 5-34 5-15 Weekday Market Segments (Combined Trip Purpose and Residency) ........................................................................................................ 5-36 6-1 Fleet Mix of Commercial Operations (Passenger and Cargo) at Logan Airport ............................................................................................. 6-11 6-2 Average Hourly Operations, 2017 - 2019 ............................................ 6-14 6-3 Logan Airport Runways ............................................................................... 6-16 6-4 Air Carrier Departure Flight Tracks ......................................................... 6-22 6-5 Air Carrier Arrival Flight Tracks ................................................................ 6- 23 6-6 Regional Jet Departure Flight Tracks ..................................................... 6- 24 6-7 Regional Jet Arrival Flight Tracks ............................................................ 6- 25 6-8 Non-Jet Departure Flight Tracks ............................................................. 6- 26 6-9 Non-Jet Arrival Flight Tracks ..................................................................... 6- 27 6-10 Runway 33L Night (10PM-7AM) Light Visual Approach Arrival Flight Tracks..................................................................................................... 6-28 6-11 Reason for Changes in Number of People Exposed to Day-Night Average Sound Level (DNL) Values Greater than or Equal to 65 dB (2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019) ........................................................... 6-29 6-12 Comparison between 2017 and 2018 DNL 65 dB Contours ....... 6- 31 6-13 Comparison between 2018 and 2019 DNL 65 dB Contours ........ 6-33 6-14 60-75 DNL Contours for 2018 Operations Using AEDT 3c ........... 6-35 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents xii Figure No. Description Page 6-15 60-75 DNL Contours for 2019 Operations Using AEDT 3c ........... 6-36 6-16 Comparison between 199 0, 2017, 2018, and 2019 DNL 65 dB Contours ........................................................................................................... 6-37 6-17 Noise Monitor Locations ............................................................................ 6-40 6-18 Comparison of Annual Hours of Dwell Exceedance by Runway End ...................................................................................................................... 6-49 6-19 Comparison of Annual Hours of Persistence Exceedance by Runway End .................................................................................................... 6-50 6-20 Vortex Generator Device by Port on Wing.......................................... 6-62 6-21 Massport Request to FAA for Performance Based Navigation (PBN) Procedures ....................................................................................................... 6-64 7-1 Aircraft Engine Technology Has Evolved Over Time ......................... 7- 4 7-2 Modeled Emissions of VOCs at Logan Airport, 1990, 2000, and 2010-2019 .............................................................................................. 7- 18 7-3 Sources of VOC Emissions, 2018 and 2019 ........................................ 7- 18 7-4 Modeled Emissions of NOx at Logan Airport, 1990, 2000, and 2010-2019 .............................................................................................. 7- 22 7-5 Sources of NO x Emissions, 2018 and 2019 ......................................... 7- 22 7-6 Modeled Emissions of CO at Logan Airport, 1990, 2000, and 2010-2019 .............................................................................................. 7- 28 7-7 Sources of CO Emissions, 2018 and 2019 ........................................... 7- 28 7-8 Modeled Emissions of PM 10 /PM 2.5 at Logan Airport, 2010-2019 ....................................................................................................... 7- 32 7-9 Sources of PM 10 /PM 2.5 Emissions, 2018 and 2019 .......................... 7- 32 7-10 Sources of GHG Emissions by Scope, 2018 and 2019 ................... 7- 38 7-11 GHG Emissions (Scopes 1 and 2) per Passenger (lbs. CO 2 e), 2010-2019 ....................................................................................................... 7- 44 7-12 Building Energy Use Intensity (kBTU/Square Foot), FY 2007-2019 ................................................................................................. 7-44 7-13 Building GHG Emissions (lbs. CO 2 e) per Square Foot, FY 2007-2019 ................................................................................................. 7-45 7-14 FY2018 Building Energy Sources ............................................................ 7-45 7-15 FY2018 Building Greenhouse Gas Emission Sources ..................... 7-45 7-16 FY2019 Building Energy Sources ............................................................ 7-46 7-17 FY2019 Building Greenhouse Gas Emission Sources ..................... 7-46 8-1 Logan Airport Outfalls ...................................................................................8-7 8-2 Massachusetts Contingency Plan Sites (Active) ............................... 8-14 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents xiii Figure No. Description Page 9-1 West Garage Project ................................................................................... 9-11 9-2 International Gateway Project ................................................................ 9-23 9-3 Replacement Terminal A Project ............................................................ 9-27 9-4 Logan Airside Improvements................................................................... 9-32 9-5 Runway End Safety Improvements ........................................................ 9-42 9-6 Terminal E Modernization Project ......................................................... 9-45 9-7 Logan Airport Parking Project ................................................................. 9-51 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Table of Contents xiv This Page Intentionally Left Blank. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Acronyms i Acronyms This section provides a list of acronyms and abbreviations that are found in the 2018/2019 EDR . A AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic ACI-NA Airports Council International – North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ASCENT Aviation Sustainability Center AEDT Aviation Environmental Design Tool AFV Alternative Fuel Vehicle ALP Airport Layout Plan APU Auxiliary Power Unit ARFF Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ASPM Aviation System Performance Metrics AST Aboveground Storage Tanks ATMS Automated Traffic Monitoring System AUL Activity and Use Limitation AWDT Annual Average Weekday Daily Traffic AWEDT Annual Average Weekend Daily Traffic B BC Black Carbon BDL Bradley International Airport, CT airport code BED Hanscom Field, MA airport code BGR Bangor International Airport, ME airport code BIF Bird Island Flats BLANS Boston Logan Airport Noise Study BMP Best Management Practice BOS Boston Logan International Airport, MA airport code BRT Bus Rapid Transit BTV Burlington International Airport, VT airport code BWSC Boston Water and Sewer Commission C CAA Clean Air Act CAA Connecticut Airport Authority CAC Community Advisory Committee CACI Clean Air Construction Initiative CAEP Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection CAGR Compound Annual Growth CA/T Central Artery/Tunnel CAT III Category III (instrument landing system) Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Acronyms ii CBP U.S. Customs and Border Protection CEDDS Complete Economic and Demographic Data Source CFC Chlorofluorocarbon CH 4 Methane CMR Code of Massachusetts Regulations CNG Compressed Natural Gas CNI Cumulative Noise Index CO Carbon monoxide CO 2 Carbon dioxide CO 2 eq CO 2 equivalents CONEG Conference of New England Governors ConnDOT Connecticut Department of Transportation CORSIA Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation CRO Converging Runway Operations CTPS Central Transportation Planning Staff CY Calendar Year D dB Decibel dBA A-weighted decibel DERA Diesel Emission Reduction Act DFS Department of Fire Services DIRP Disaster and Infrastructure Resiliency Planning Study DNL Day-Night Average Sound Level DPH Department of Public Health DOT U.S. Department of Transportation E EA Environmental Assessment EDR Environmental Data Report EDMS Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System EEA Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs eGSE Electric Ground Service Equipment EIR Environmental Impact Report EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMAS Engineered Materials Arresting System EMS Environmental Management System ENF Environmental Notification Form EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPNL Effective Perceived Noise Level EPNdB Effective Perceived Noise Level (units) ESMF Equipment Storage and Maintenance Facility ESPR Environmental Status and Planning Report EV Electric Vehicle F FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAR Federal Aviation Regulation FBO Fixed Base Operator FDS Fuel Distribution System FEIR Final Environmental Impact Report FIS Federal Inspection Services Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Acronyms iii FOA First Order Approximation FONSI Finding of No Significant Impact FRA Federal Railroad Administration FY Fiscal Year G GA General Aviation GAO Government Accounting Office GDP Gross Domestic Product GEIR Generic Environmental Impact Report GHG Greenhouse Gas GIS Geographic Information Systems gpm gallons per minute GPS Global Positioning System GSA General Services Administration GSE Ground Service Equipment GTOC Ground Transportation Operations Center GWP Global Warming Potential H HAPS Hazardous Air Pollutants HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon HOV High Occupancy Vehicle HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning HVN Tweed New Haven Airport, CT airport code Hz Hertz I IATA International Air Transport Association ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ILS Instrument Landing System INM Integrated Noise Model IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IRA Immediate Response Action ISA Inclined Safety Area ISO International Organization for Standardization J JFK John F. Kennedy International Airport, NY airport code JOC Joint Operations Center K kBTU Thousand British Thermal Units kg Kilogram kWh Kilowatt-hours L lbs Pounds LCC Low-Cost Carriers LDMS Logan Dispersion Modeling System LED Light-Emitting Diode LEED® Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LIAG Logan Impact Advisory Group LTO Landing and Takeoff Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Acronyms iv M M.G.L. Massachusetts General Laws MAPC Metropolitan Area Planning Council MassDEP Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection MassDMF Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries MassDOT Massachusetts Department of Transportation Massport Massachusetts Port Authority MBTA Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority MCO Orlando International Airport, FL airport code MCP Massachusetts Contingency Plan MEPA Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act MHT Manchester-Boston Regional Airport, NH airport code MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MMT Million Metric Tons MOA Memorandum of Agreement MOU Memorandum of Understanding MOVES Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization mph Miles per hour MT Metric tones N NA Not Available NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NCA North Cargo Area NCI Noise Complaint Initiative NEC Northeast Corridor NEG/ECP Conference of New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers NEPA National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 NERASP New England Regional Airport System Plan NHESP Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program NO 2 Nitrogen dioxide NOMS Noise and Operations Monitoring System NO x Nitrogen oxides NPC Notice of Project Change NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NPSI Noise Per Seat Index NSA North Service Area O O 3 Ozone ORH Worcester Regional Airport, MA airport code ORT Ozone Transport Region O&D Origin and Destination P PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PARC Parking and Revenue Control PARTNER Partnership for Air Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction PATCO Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization Pb Lead PBN Performance-Based Navigation Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Acronyms v PCA Pre-Conditioned Air PM Particulate Matter (e.g., PM 10 , PM 2.5 ) ppm Parts per million PPA Power Purchase Agreement PRAS Preferential Runway Advisory System PSM Portsmouth International Airport at Pease, NH airport code PVD T.F. Green Airport, Warwick RI airport code PWM Portland International Jetport, ME airport code Q QTA Quick Turnaround Areas R RACT Reasonably Available Control Technology RAM Release Abatement Measure RAO Response Action Outcome RCC Rental Car Center REC Renewable Energy Credit RFI Request for Information RFP Request for Proposals RIAC Rhode Island Airport Corporation RideApp Ride Application such as Uber or Lyft RIDOT Rhode Island Department of Transportation RIM Runway Incursion Mitigation RJ Regional Jet RNAV aRea Navigation ROD Record of Decision RON Remain Over Night RNP Required Navigation Performance RPZ Runway Protection Zone RSA Runway Safety Area RSIP Residential Sound Insulation Program RTC Regional Transportation Center RTN Release Tracking Number S SAF Sustainable Aviation Fuel SCA South Cargo Area SDSG Sustainable Design Standards and Guidelines SIP State Implementation Plan SL1 Silver Line SMART Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target Program SMP Sustainability Management Plan SO 2 Sulfur dioxide SOV Single Occupancy Vehicle SPCC Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan SPL Sound Pressure Level SRE Snow Removal Equipment STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan SWSA Southwest Service Area Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Acronyms vi T TA Time Above TAA Tenant Alteration Application TAF Terminal Area Forecast TDM Transportation Demand Management TIM Time-in-Mode TMA Transportation Management Association TNC Transportation Network Company, also known as RideApp tpy Tons per year TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration TSS Total Suspended Solids U UAS Unmanned Aircraft Systems UFP Ultrafine Particles ULCC Ultra Low-Cost Carriers USC United States Code USGBC U.S. Green Building Council UST Underground Storage Tank V VALE Voluntary Airport Low Emissions Program VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled VNM Virtual Noise Monitors VOC Volatile Organic Compounds VW Volkswagen W WET Whole Effluent Toxicity WHO World Health Organization Other μ g /m 3 Micrograms of pollutant per cubic meter μm Micrometers Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-1 1 Introduction/Executive Summary Introduction The Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) is continuing its nearly four-decade practice of providing an extensive record of Boston Logan International Airport (Logan Airport or Airport) environmental trends, facility planning, operations and passenger levels, and Massport’s mitigation commitments in this Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 Environmental Data Report (EDR) . As Massport has done periodically following circulation and review of our Environmental Status and Planning Reports (ESPRs), with the approval of the Secretary of the Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs (EEA), this 2018/2019 EDR combines data and analysis for calendar years 2018 and 2019. This EDR was prepared in 2020 during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Massport has strived to include relevant updates through fall 2020 where the current conditions have resulted in changes in projects or programs that were in place in 2018 and 2019. Beginning in March 2020, flights in and out of Logan Airport were dramatically reduced and passenger levels dropped by over 90 percent at the peak of the pandemic in the spring and summer of 2020. As a result, currently there are far fewer aircraft operations and passengers and a dramatic drop in overall Logan Airport activity. While activity levels began a slow recovery in mid-summer 2020, the ongoing wave of COVID-19 cases has resulted in continued historically low levels of activity, with a full recovery anticipated years away. As of October 2020, total flight operations for the year were down by approximately 50 percent and passenger levels were down by about 70 percent compared to January through October 2019. Massport expects that by the end of 2020, passenger levels will have dropped to levels of activity not seen since the mid-1970s. Air traffic declines caused by economic recessions and other “shocks” such as the events of September 1 1, 2001 and the Great Recession in 2008/2009 have been followed by gradual recovery cycles. As depicted in Figure 1-1 , after the events of September 11, 2001 and the subsequent recession, Logan Airport’s passenger activity levels declined by about 18 perce nt, yet recovered five years later. Logan Airport’s passenger volumes declined by about 9 percent after the Great Recession of 2008/2009. As shown in Figure 1-2 , in 2020 the seven-day average Transportation Security Administration (TSA) passenger screening throughput dropped by over 90 percent very quickly. Figure 1-3 shows the percent change in monthly TSA throughput from 2019 to 2020 for the nation and Boston. COVID-19 is having an unprecedented impact on not just the aviation industry but the global economy. While the immediate and most pressing concern is human cost, COVID-19 has created profound implications for nearly all businesses and industries. The impact on aviation has been particularly severe. The situation is changing on a daily basis and there remains considerable uncertainty as to how long this pandemic will last and what will be the long-term impacts. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-2 Source: Massport. Notes: Logan Airport terminal (left) and baggage claim area (right) during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of this significant reduction in Airport activity and dramatic reduction in revenues, both Massport and our airlines and other tenants have necessarily adjusted and scaled back their operations. Concurrently, the schedule for a number of Airport projects and programs have been revised and pushed back. To be as transparent as possible, Chapter 3, Airport Planning includes the most current project updates through October 2020. Forthcoming EDRs will continue to provide updates, as available. Overall, Massport continues to evaluate and plan for the recovery of aircraft operations and air passenger activity and remains committed to implementing the broad range of environmental and operating strategies designed to reduce the impacts associated with Airport operations. Figure 1-1 Change to Logan Airport Passenger Growth After Recent Recessions Source: InterVISTAS: Massport traffic statistics. Note: COVID-19 2020 change is the year-to-date October 2020 vs. 2019. - 18% - 9% - 69% 9/11 & Recession Great Recession COVID-19 2020 -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-3 Figure 1-2: Seven Day Average TSA Throughput at U.S. Airports, 2019 vs. 2020 Source: TSA Daily Reports. Figure 1-3: Percent Change in Monthly TSA Throughout From Prior Year, January 2020 to November 2020 Source: TSA Daily Reports. Logan Airport, owned and operated by Massport, plays a key role in the metropolitan Boston and New England passenger and freight transportation networks; it is the primary airport serving the Boston metropolitan area, the principal New England airport for long-haul services, and a major U.S. international gateway airport for transatlantic services. The Airport boundary encompasses approximately 2,400 acres in East Boston and Winthrop, including approximately 700 acres in Boston Harbor. Logan Airport’s airfield comprises six runways, approximately 15 miles of taxiway, and approximately 240 acres of concrete and asphalt apron. Logan Airport has four interconnected passenger terminals (Terminals A, B, C, and E), each with its own ticketing, baggage claim, -100% -75% -50% -25% 0% 25% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Boston Nation 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 1/27 2/27 3/27 4/27 5/27 6/27 7/27 8/27 9/27 10/27 2020 2019 - 65% - 96% Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-4 and ground transportation facilities. The Airport is less than a three-mile drive from downtown Boston and is accessible by public transit lines, several direct bus lines, and a well-connected roadway system. Massport provides Logan Express bus service to and from Logan Airport for air passengers and employees from a series of park-and-ride lots. This 2018/2019 EDR is one in a series of annual environmental review documents submitted to the Secretary of EEA, in accordance with the Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act (MEPA). 1 Since 1979, Massport has submitted these documents to report on the cumulative environmental effects of Logan Airport’s operations and activities. Logan Airport is the first airport in the nation for which an annual environmental assessment on airport activities was prepared, and Massport continues to be a leader in environmental reporting. Approximately every five years, Massport prepares an ESPR, which provides a historical and prospective view of Logan Airport. EDRs, prepared annually in the intervals between ESPRs, provide an historical review of environmental conditions for the reporting year compared to the previous year. This 2018/2019 EDR follows the 2017 ESPR which reported on 2017 conditions and included projections and analyses of future operating and environmental conditions based on a pre-COVID-19 passenger forecast. While Massport and the entire aviation industry continue to adjust to the new operating conditions, we continue to evaluate the pandemic ’ s current and future impacts. Where possible, this EDR includes relevant information and updates. However, more detailed projections and analyses will necessarily need to be addressed in future ESPRs. The scope for this combined 2018/2019 EDR was established by the Secretary‘s Certificate on the 2017 ESPR dated November 25, 2019, which is included in Appendix A, MEPA Certificates and Responses to Comments . This EDR fulfills all the requirements laid out in the Secretary’s Certificate on the 2017 ESPR and includes responses to comments on the Secretary’s Certificate and updates and compares the data presented in the 2017 ESPR for the following subjects: To enhance the usefulness of this EDR as a reference document for reviewers, this report also presents historical data on the environmental conditions at Logan Airport dating back to 1990, in instances where historical information is available. When appropriate and available, this EDR also includes updates through fall 2020. 1 Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 30, Sections 61-62H. MEPA is implemented by regulations published at 301 Code of Massachusetts Regulations (CMR) 11.00 (“the MEPA Regulations”). ▪ Activity Levels (including aircraft operations, passenger activity, and cargo volumes) ▪ Airport Planning (including activities underway and upcoming projects) ▪ Air Quality/Emissions Reduction ▪ Water Quality/Environmental Compliance ▪ Logan Airport’s Role in the Regional Transportation Network ▪ Sustainability and Resiliency ▪ Ground Access to and from the Airport ▪ Environmentally Beneficial Measures and Mitigation Commitments ▪ Noise Abatement Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-5 This EDR includes a Spanish translation of this chapter. This translated version is included after the English- version of the Executive Summary. EEA # 3247 Submitted By Massachusetts Port Authority One Harborside Drive, Suite 200S East Boston, MA 02128 Stewart Dalzell, Deputy Director Strategic & Business Planning (617) 568-3524 Brad Washburn, Environmental Planning & Permit Manager, Strategic & Business Planning (617) 568-3546 Logan Airport Environmental Review Process This 2018/2019 EDR is Massport’s next filing in its unique, but well-established, formal state-level environmental review process that assesses Logan Airport’s cumulative environmental impacts. The documents provide a current and historical context against which individual projects at Logan Airport meeting state and federal environmental review thresholds are evaluated on a project-specific basis. The Airport-wide and project-specific environmental review processes are described below. Historical Context for the Logan Airport EDR/ESPR Process In 1979, the Secretary of EEA issued a Certificate requiring Massport to define, evaluate, and disclose every three years the impact of long-term growth at the Airport through a Generic Environmental Impact Report (GEIR). The Certificate also required interim Annual Updates to provide data on conditions for the years between GEIRs. The GEIR evolved into an effective planning tool for Massport and provided projections of environmental conditions so that the cumulative effects of individual projects could be evaluated within a broader context. EEA eliminated GEIRs following the 1998 revisions to its MEPA r egulations. However, the Secretary’s Certificate on the 1997 Annual Update 2 proposed a revised environmental review process for Logan Airport resulting in Massport’s preparation of subsequent EDRs/ESPRs. The more comprehensive ESPRs provide a long-range analysis of projected operations, passengers, and cumulative impacts, while EDRs are prepared annually to provide a review of environmental conditions for the reporting year compared to the previous year. The EDR/ESPR process was developed to allow individual projects at Logan Airport to be considered and analyzed in the broader, Airport-wide context. As stated in the introduction to the 1999 ESPR , “while the Logan ESPR and EDRs provide the broad planning context for projects proposed for Logan Airport and future planning concepts under consideration by Massport, no specific projects can be built solely on the basis of inclusion and discussion 2 Certificate of the Secretary of the Executive Office of Environmental Affairs on the Logan Airport 1997 Annual Update, issued on October 16, 1998. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-6 in the 1999 ESPR.” It continues to state that projects that meet MEPA or NEPA review thresholds must undergo those processes, as needed. In short, the EDRs/ESPRs provide a cumulative planning context which complements the individual project-specific filings. In 2018 and 2019, while passenger levels experienced significant growth, reaching new peaks, aircraft operations and associated environmental effects remained well below levels previously analyzed for Logan Airport. Thus, the forecasted aviation growth presented in the 2004 ESPR , the predicate upon which the ESPR schedule was initially established, has not occurred. Accordingly, with the approval of the Secretary, Massport prepared 2009 and 2010 EDRs in lieu of the ESPR originally planned for 2009. The 2011 ESPR , filed in early 2013, reported on calendar year 2011 and updated passenger activity level and aircraft operations forecasts. The combined 2012/2013 EDR presented conditions for both calendar years 2012 and 2013. The 2014 EDR , 2015 EDR , and 2016 EDR presented conditions for calendar years 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Similarly, with strong passenger growth and evolving ground access trends with the emerging RideApp industry (formerly referred to as transportation network companies [TNCs]), EEA allowed Massport to defer the 2016 ESPR . The 2017 ESPR provided a comprehensive, cumulative analysis of activity levels and environmental conditions for 2017 and a Future Planning Horizon. In the ESPR, Massport proposed preparation of a combined 2018/2019 EDR to report the effects of all Logan Airport activities based on actual passenger activity and aircraft operations in 2018 and 2019. This document responds to EEA approval of the combined 2018/2019 EDR . While this report is largely focused on 2018 and 2019, Massport has included the best available information on 2020 as the Authority and the nation react to the COVID-19 pandemic. Where appropriate, Massport will continue to identify and address any longer-term aviation and environmental trends in both EDRs and ESPRs. Project-Specific Review While this Airport-wide review provides the broad planning context for proposed projects and future planning concepts, certain Airport projects are also subject to a project-specific, public environmental review process when they meet state environmental review thresholds. When required, Massport and Airport tenants submit Environmental Notification Forms (ENFs) and Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs) pursuant to MEPA. Similarly, where NEPA 3 environmental review is triggered, projects are reviewed under the NEPA environmental review process. Current and potential future projects anticipated to undergo MEPA and/or NEPA review are discussed in Chapter 3, Airport Planning . Logan Airport Planning Context Logan Airport plays a key role in the metropolitan Boston and New England passenger and freight transportation networks. The Airport is one of the most land-constrained airports in the nation and is surrounded on three sides by Boston Harbor (see Figures 1-4 and 1-5 ). 3 42 USC Section 4321 et seq. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) implements NEPA through FAA Order 1050.1E, Environmental Impacts: Policies and Procedures, Federal Aviation Administration, United States Department of Transportation, Effective Date: March 20, 2006. Terminal Complex " ) A " ) B " ) C " ) E 32 4R 33L 27 33R 22L 22R 15L 15R 4L 9 14 Boston Harbor South Boston East Boston Winthrop FIGURE 1-4 Aerial View of Logan Airport Source: Nearmap Color Ortho Imagery (08/26/2017) i 0 900 1800 450 Feet 2018/2019 Environmental Data Report Introduction/Executive Summary 1- 7 Source: Massport and VHB Introduction/Executive Summary 1- 8 201 8/2019 Environmental Data Report FIGURE 1- 5 Logan Airport and Environs Source: USGS 2015 Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-9 Passenger and Aircraft Activity Growth at Logan Airport In 2019, air passenger activity levels at Logan Airport reached an all-time high of 42.5 million, an increase of 3.9 percent over 2018 (40.9 million). As has been the recent trend prior to March 2020, aircraft operations increased at a slower rate than passengers. In 2019, operations totaled 427,176 and 2018 operations totaled 424,024. These levels both represent increases compared to the 2017 passenger levels of 38.4 million and 401,371 operations ( Figure 1-6 ). The growth seen during 2018 and 2019 was directly correlated to the strong national and regional economies. Even with this strong growth, aircraft operations remained well below the 487,996 operations in 2000 and the historic peak of 507,449 operations reached in 1998. The slower growth in aircraft operations compared to passenger levels is due to the steady increase in aircraft size and improving aircraft load factors (passengers/available seats). Figure 1-6 Logan Airport Annual Passenger Levels and Aircraft Operations (1990 – 2019) 20,000,000 25,000,000 30,000,000 35,000,000 40,000,000 45,000,000 50,000,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 500,000 550,000 Passengers Operations Operations Passengers Due to COVID-19, 2020 passenger levels and operations have dramatically decreased. As of October 2020, year-over-year passenger levels and operations are down by approximately 70 percent and 50 percent. respectively. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-10 Logan Airport Activity Levels are Closely Tied to the Regional and National Economy Activity levels at Logan Airport are largely driven by the local, regional, and national economies. As can be seen by looking at long-term trends, it is clear that when the economy is strong, Logan Airport grows. Similarly, the most significant declines in passenger levels and aircraft operation track closely with significant national and international disruptions. Examples of the most significant declines include the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) strike in 1981, September 11, 2001, the Great Recession in 2008/2009, and now the COVID-19 pandemic. When there has been significant growth, as was observed through 2018 and 2019, Massport has implemented strategies to address that growth in a manner that allows Logan Airport to evolve in a sustainable and environmentally responsible way. Logan Airport is the largest airport in the six-state New England region, which has a population of approximately 14.8 million residents. The Airport is located in Massachusetts, which is home to 6.9 million residents, or nearly 46 percent of New England ’s population. Logan Airport serves passengers from across New England, with its primary catchment area consisting of five Massachusetts counties: Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth, and Suffolk (which includes the City of Boston). According to the most recently available statistics, 4.4 million people reside in this five-county area, and population within the catchment area is projected to increase by 0.5 percent per year over the next 19 years. 4 In 2019, similar to past years, the Boston metropolitan area maintained a lower unemployment rate (2.6 percent) than that of the Commonwealth (2.9 percent) and the entire country (3.7 percent). 5 The Airport not only serves a growing population, but a high earning one as well. Per capita income in 2019 was $68,361 (2012 U.S. dollars) in the Airport’s primary service area, 3.6 percent higher than the Commonwealth and 35.9 percent higher than the national average. 6 Logan Airport is a key transportation and economic resource in the New England region, the state, and the Boston metropolitan area, which is home to a broad range of industries. The industries accounting for the largest share of employees include: healthcare and social assistance; educational services; and professional, scientific, and technology services (which include Boston’s thriving biotech industry). 7 In 2018 and 2019, Boston was ranked the #1 city in the U.S. for education and #2 in healthcare. 8 The contribution of innovation and business start-ups is also evident in the latest 2019 economic growth estimates. In addition to supporting the growth and economic success of the state, Logan Airport and the airport industry are important elements in the state and regional economy. The Massachusetts Statewide Airport Economic Impact Study Update, completed by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation 4 Woods & Poole Economics, Inc. 2019. Complete Economic and Demographic Data Source (CEDDS). 5 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2020. 6 Woods & Poole Economics, Inc. 2019. ICF analysis of population and personal income datasets. 7 U.S. Census Bureau via DataUSA. Boston-Cambridge, Newton, MA-NH Metro Area profile. wwww.datausa.io. 8 U.S. News & World Report 2020. Massachusetts. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-11 (MassDOT) in 2014 and most recently updated in 2019, 9 estimates that Massport airports – inclusive of Logan Airport, Worcester Regional Airport, and Hanscom Field – contribute approximately $23.1 billion in output to the Massachusetts economy annually; of this output, 71 percent is due to Logan Airport alone. 10 Total output includes on-Airport businesses, construction, visitor, and multiplier effects (see Figure 1-7 ). 11 Logan Airport supports over 162,000 direct and indirect jobs, while generating approximately $16.3 billion per year in total economic output. 12 In 2019, over 23,000 people were employed at Logan Airport. This included approximately 820 Massport Logan Airport staff and additional administrative employees. 13 Figure 1-7 Total Economic Impact of Massport Airports Source: MassDOT, Massachusetts Statewide Airport Economic Impact Study Update, 2019. Notes: “Massachusetts Totals” refers to the total economic output of all Massachusetts airports. 9 MassDOT. 2014. Massachusetts Statewide Airport Economic Impact Study Update . http://www.massdot.state.ma.us/portals/7/docs/airportEconomicImpactSummary.pdf . 10 Ibid . 11 Multiplier effects refer to the recirculation of money in the local economy after initially being spent by the Airport, its tenants, or tourists. This recirculation increases the overall impact of the Airport’s operation in the local economy. 12 MassDOT Aeronautics Division. 2019. Massachusetts Statewide Airport Economic Impact Study Update. https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2019/03/25/AeroEcon_ImpactStudy_January2019.pdf . 13 Massport, 2019. Massachusetts Port Authority 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report . http://www.massport.com/media/3425/mpa-fy19-cafr-final.pdf. Table S-11. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-12 Logan Airport is considered an origin and destination (O&D) 14 airport both nationally and internationally, meaning that approximately 90 percent of Logan Airport passengers ’ trips either start or end at Logan Airport. Hub airports, such as Atlanta or Chicago, serve many more passengers annually but, compared to O&D airports like Logan Airport, a higher percentage of passenger traffic at hub airports passes through to connecting flights. Through 2019, Logan Airport was one of the fastest growing large airports in the United States in terms of passenger volume. 15 From 2017 to 2019, U.S. air passenger traffic grew by 9.1 percent, whereas Logan Airport experienced a passenger growth of 10.7 percent over the same time period. 16 Logan Airport is considered a domestic and international origin and destination (O&D) airport, meaning that less than 10 percent of air passengers are connecting through Logan Airport. Forecast Status The 2017 ESPR presented an updated forecast for Logan Airport aircraft operations and passenger activity. That forecast focused on a Future Planning Horizon including a projected 50 million annual air passengers and 486,000 annual aircraft operations . Massport’s ESPR forecast was consistent with the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Terminal Area Forecast at that time. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically reduced air passenger traffic and it ’ s currently expected that it will take several years for the industry to return to pre-COVID-19 operational levels. During 2018 and 2019, due to the strong economy, passenger activity levels and aircraft operations at Logan Airport increased rapidly. This growth trend was upended in March 2020 and accordingly, the 2017 ESPR projections will need to be adjusted as the longer-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are better understood. Massport Investment in Logan Airport Massport evaluates and implements enhancements to Logan Airport’s safety, security, operational efficiency, and accessibility to and from the Boston metropolitan area, while carefully monitoring the environmental effects of Logan Airport operations. A continuing focus has been on enhancing the passenger and user experience at Logan Airport. Recent and ongoing terminal area projects are aimed at providing seamless post-security connectivity among the terminals along with enhancements to passenger processing through consolidated security checking areas. Access to and around Logan Airport also remains a priority. Massport continues to work with FAA to enhance airside safety through a variety of runway safety area (RSA) improvements and simplification of the airfield geometry. As noted above, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have precipitated a wide range of changes at Logan Airport. Both the drop in passengers and associated revenues have required significant 14 “Origin and destination” traffic refers to the passenger traffic that either originates or ends at a particular airport or mark et. A strong O&D market like Boston generates significant local passenger demand, with many passengers starting their journey and ending their journey in that market. O&D traffic is distinct from connecting traffic, which refers to the passenger traffic that does not originate or end at the airport but merely connects through the airport en route to another destination. 15 Between 2014 and 2019, Logan Airport was the 20th fastest growing airport in the U.S. in terms of domestic O&D traffic compared to the top 30 large hub U.S. airports (U.S. DOT O&D Survey). 16 ACI. 2019. ACI North American Airport Traffic Summary. http://www.aci-na.org/content/airport-traffic-reports . Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-13 adjustments to services and project schedules. Massport has focused on adjusting services to match the shifting passenger levels and ensure that those changes are made with careful consideration of managing environmental and operating impacts. In some areas, programs have been adjusted to reflect current needs and impacts. Massport remains committed to implementing project-related mitigation strategies, as documented in Chapter 9, Environmentally Beneficial Measures and Project Mitigation Tracking . 2018 and 2019 Highlights and Key Findings This section provides a brief overview of key findings, by chapter, at Logan Airport in 2018 and 2019. A brief update on 2020 activity and future projections is also included in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional information concerning Airport activities is provided in subsequent chapters. This section also highlights Massport’s efforts to further sustainability through specific projects and initiatives with a sustainability leaf and summarizes Massport’s sustainability program. The Secretary’s Certificate on the 2017 ESPR , which forms the Scope of this 2018/2019 EDR , acknowledged the rapid growth in the past several years and directed Massport to provide updates on the 2017 ESPR forecast. While Logan Airport’s recent rapid passenger growth continued through early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic began to dramatically reduce airport operations and passengers in mid- March 2020. In the early phases of the pandemic, passenger levels dropped by over 90 percent. While activity levels began a slow recovery in mid-summer 2020, the ongoing wave of COVID-19 cases has resulted in continued historically low levels of activity, with a full recovery years away. As of October 2020, total flight operations for the year were down by 50 percent and passenger levels were down by about 70 percent compared to January through October 2019. Massport expects that by the end of 2020, passenger levels will have dropped to levels of activity not seen since the mid-1970s. Until the longer- term impacts of COVID-19 are better understood, Massport can only make preliminary projections of the rate of recovery for passenger levels. The next EDR will provide further updates using best available information at that time. Activity Levels Until the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Logan Airport (and the aviation industry in general) had been experiencing strong growth, largely driven by the positive economic conditions in the Boston region, low unemployment, a strong, diverse economic base, and continued investment in commercial and residential real estate, particularly in life sciences, finance, healthcare, and higher education. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 passenger levels and operations have dramatically decreased. As of October 2020, year- over-year passenger levels and operations are down by approximately 70 percent and 50 percent, respectively. Air passenger activity levels at Logan Airport in 2018 and 2019 increased to 40.9 million in 2018 and 42.5 million in 2019. Aircraft operations continued the long-term trend of increasing at a slower rate than passengers. In 2018, operations totaled 424,024 and 2019 operations totaled 427,176. That growth was directly correlated to the strong national and regional economy. Even with the strong growth, aircraft operations remained well below the 487,996 operations in 2000 and the historic peak of Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-14 507,449 operations reached in 1998. The combination of fewer operations in cleaner and quieter aircraft has resulted in dramatically reduced environmental impacts when compared with those historical peaks. From 2010 to 2019, the annual number of passengers at Logan Airport increased by about 55 percent, while the annual number of aircraft operations 17 increased at a slower rate, about 21 percent, due to increasing aircraft load factors. International passenger levels increased at a faster rate than domestic passenger levels in 2018 and 2019. Domestic air passenger activity levels increased by 6.9 and 2.6 percent in 2018 and 2019, respectively, while international air passenger activity levels increased by 5.3 and 9.7 percent, respectively. Please see Chapter 2, Activity Levels, for additional information. Airport Planning Massport is continually improving the facilities at Logan Airport to accommodate changes in passenger demand, aircraft activity, cargo needs, and transportation access. In Chapter 3, Airport Planning , Massport has identified priority planning projects and initiatives in the following categories: ▪ Ground Transportation and Parking; ▪ Terminals; ▪ Airside Planning; ▪ Service Areas; ▪ Airport Buffers and Open Space; and ▪ Energy, Sustainability, and Resiliency. During 2018 and 2019 there was a strong focus on ground access and trip reduction measures and terminal improvements. Recent and ongoing terminal area projects are providing seamless post-security connectivity and flexibility among the terminals along with enhancements to passenger processing through consolidated security checking areas. To enhance the on-Airport roadway network, Massport is improving several of the terminal area roadway segments and intersections. In October 2019, Massport opened its new RideApp consolidated drop-off and pick-up areas in the Central Garage. In 2018 and 2019, Massport also advanced several high- occupancy vehicle (HOV) services and Logan Express facilities improvements as part of its trip-reduction goals. 17 An aircraft operation is defined as one arrival or one departure. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-15 Since filing the 2017 ESPR , Massport has completed state and/or federal environmental review of several projects: ▪ The Logan Airport Parking Project, which will add 5,000 commercial parking spaces at Logan Airport in locations already in use for parking. The additional parking spaces respond to the MassDOT and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ’s approval of a modification to the regulatory Logan Airport Parking Freeze. 18 The additional spaces are intended to reduce environmentally harmful drop- off/pick-up modes (i.e., dropped off or picked up by private vehicles, taxi, RideApp, or black car limousine service). The joint MEPA/NEPA review process was completed in January 2020. This project is currently deferred due to the reduction in passenger activity associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. ▪ Terminal C Canopy, Connector and Roadway Project received federal environmental approval under NEPA in November 2018. As described in the 2017 ESPR , construction of this project will replace and reconfigure sections of the elevated roadways connecting Terminals B and C. At this time, construction of the replacement canopy is anticipated to begin and be completed in 2021, with a slightly reduced program than originally planned. The Terminal B to C Connector is anticipated to be complete in spring 2022 and roadways are anticipated to be complete in 2023. Massport continues to work with FAA to enhance airside safety through a variety of federal Runway Safety Area projects and simplification of the airfield geometry. Please see Chapter 3, Airport Planning, for additional information. Regional Transportation In 2018 and 2019, the New England region saw an increase in air passenger activity. Regional air passengers increased by 6.5 percent to 58.3 million air passengers in 2018 and then another 2.5 percent to 59.7 million in 2019. The 10 regional airports (excluding Logan Airport) in New England accommodated 17.3 and 17.2 million air passengers in 2018 and 2019, respectively, compared to 16.3 million passengers in 2017. Worcester Regional Airport, T.F. Green Airport, Portland International Jetport, Burlington International Airport, and Bangor International Airport saw an overall increase in commercial service operations since 2017. Manchester-Boston Regional, Tweed-New Haven, Bradley International, and Portsmouth International airports saw reduced service offerings since 2017. Massport’s three airports, Logan Airport, Worcester Regional Airport, and Hanscom Field, make significant contributions to the regional economy, generating approximately $23.1 billion annually, or 94 percent of the overall economic benefits generated by the Massachusetts airport system. Hanscom Field is a reliever airport to Logan Airport and is the second busiest airport in New England. Worcester Regional Airport passenger numbers increased by 76 percent in 2019 compared to 2017 and reported a total of 817,057 passengers from 2013 to 2019. In the past five years, Worcester Regional Airport experienced an average growth rate of 10 percent per year. Massport continues to invest in 18 310 Code of Massachusetts Regulations 7.30 and 40 Code of Federal Regulations 52.1120. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-16 Worcester Regional Airport — together with the City of Worcester, Massport has already initiated a $100 million, 10-year investment to revitalize and attract commercial operations to Worcester Regional Airport. Investments include a CAT III Instrument Landing System (about $32 million) paid for by federal grants and Massport funds. Additionally, jetBlue Airways, American Airlines, and Delta Air Lines announced new service to New York John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), Philadelphia International Airport, and Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, respectively. As of the publication date of this EDR, commercial passenger service out of Worcester Regional Airport has been suspended by the airlines due to a drop in passenger demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Amtrak rail system-wide ridership increased from 31.7 million customer trips in fiscal year (FY) 2018 to 32.5 million trips in FY 2019. In FY 2018, the Northeast Corridor (NEC) carried over 12 million passengers, up about 1 percent from the prior year. In FY 2019, the NEC carried 12.5 million passengers on those services, up about 3 percent from the prior year. Ground Access Logan Airport continues to be one of the top airports in the United States in terms of HOV and transit mode share. Massport promotes numerous HOV, transit, and shared-ride options to improve on Airport roadway and curbside operations, alleviate constraints on parking, and improve customer service. Key findings from 2018 and 2019 are summarized in the bullets that follow and additional details can be found in Chapter 5, Ground Access to and from Logan Airport. ▪ Average weekday on-Airport vehicle miles traveled (VMT) increased by about 4.5 percent from 2017 to 2018. Between 2018 and 2019, average weekday on-Airport VMT increased by 2.2 percent. The change in average daily traffic can be attributed primarily to the increases in air passenger activity, passenger drop-off/pick-up, cargo, and non-aviation related Airport uses. It is anticipated that the Airport activity and on-Airport VMT will be significantly lower in 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19. ▪ RideApp transactions totaled more than 7 million in 2018 and increased to over 8 million in 2019, a growth of over 16 percent. RideApps are impacting other access modes to the Airport and contributing to on-Airport congestion. Partially due to the continued rise of RideApps, black car limousines and scheduled van ridership dropped by nearly 23 percent from 2017 to 2019. Taxi dispatches declined 14 percent in 2018 compared to 2017 and 7 percent between 2018 and 2019. The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Blue Line ridership increased by 4 percent between 2017 and 2018 and declined by 29 percent the following year. ▪ Based on changes in passenger mode choice for accessing Logan Airport observed between 2017 and 2019, Massport updated its goals and definition of HOV. The updated definition considers vehicle occupancies of taxis, black car limousines, and RideApps that carry two or more air passenger per vehicle to be HOV, while the same modes with one air passenger will count as non-HOV. With this updated definition, Massport established a goal of 35.5 percent HOV by 2022 and 40 percent by 2027. Based on the results of the 2019 Air Passenger Ground-Access Survey, HOV mode share has reached 40.4 percent, exceeding both near-term and longer- term goals. While it’s anticipated that the HOV mode share will drop as a result of COVID-19 over the short term, Massport expects HOV ridership to recover over time and remains committed to the HOV mode share goals going forward. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-17 Ground Access Strategy Massport has a long-standing multi-pronged, trip reduction strategy to diversify and enhance ground transportation options for passengers and employees traveling to and from Logan Airport. The strategy is designed to offer passengers a choice of HOV, transit, and shared-ride options that are convenient and reliable, and that reduce environmental and community impacts. For many years, Logan Airport has ranked as one of the top U.S. airports in terms of HOV and transit mode share. Massport promotes numerous HOV, transit, and shared-ride options to improve on Airport roadway and curbside operations, alleviate constraints on parking, and improve customer service. Massport’s strategy also aims to provide sufficient on-Airport parking for air passengers choosing automobile access modes and/or who have limited HOV options. In 2017, the MassDEP amended the Logan Airport Parking Freeze to allow for an increase of up to 5,000 on-Airport commercial parking spaces, which allows for the construction of additional parking to reduce the use of drop-off/pick up modes and alleviate constrained on-Airport parking conditions. A long-standing Massport interest is addressing on-Airport roadway congestion with a combination of policy changes and infrastructure improvements. Alleviating terminal area congestion is important for continued safe and efficient landside operations and to reduce environmental impacts. Enhancing multimodal transportation options and providing modern, flexible infrastructure is one way an airport can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve its environmental footprint. Massport recognizes the importance of providing safe and reliable HOV services to and from the Airport and by 2019 had already reached its strategic plan to increase HOV mode share to 40 percent by 2027. Understanding the growth in RideApp use and their impact on regional and terminal area roadway congestion is essential to managing on-Airport traffic volume and promoting HOV services as a viable and attractive alternative. Potential emissions reductions are one reason why Massport is committed to a long-term goal of promoting and supporting public and private HOV and shared-ride services aimed at serving air passengers, Airport users, and employees. Other benefits include: ▪ Reducing congestion on the terminal roadways and curbside drop-off/pick-up areas; ▪ Alleviating constraints on limited parking facilities; and ▪ Customer service (providing a range of transportation options for different traveler demographics). While this report focuses primarily on activity in 2018 and 2019, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of Massport’s broad HOV and trip reduction measures temporarily changed in 2020. Flights in and out of Logan Airport have been dramatically reduced and passenger levels dropped by nearly 90 percent beginning in March 2020. As a result, while operational and passenger levels have recovered somewhat as of mid-2020, overall, there are far fewer passengers and employees traveling to and from Logan Airport and there is far less peak period roadway congestion both in Boston and the metropolitan area. In addition, the public’s interest in using HOV transportation services like buses, rapid transit , and commuter rail has been significantly affected by public health concerns related to COVID-19. Within that context, Massport continues to evaluate and plan for the recovery of air passenger activity and remains committed to implementing the broad range of ground access strategies that were outlined in Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-18 the 2017 ESPR as demand for those measures recovers. The schedule for those services and planned improvements has, however, been adjusted due to the continuing operational constraints and revenue reductions. Massport continues to carefully review both on and off-Airport activity levels and will adjust its ground access programs to align with ridership levels. Future EDRs will provide detailed updates on all service adjustments and activity levels. Massport continuously evaluates it strategies and programs aimed at improving and, where needed, expanding HOV services to and from Logan Airport, including continued investment in Logan Express facilities and service. The initiatives described below can improve roadway operations as well as air quality emissions. The following measures have been implemented or remain under consideration: ▪ A goal to double Logan Express ridership by the time Logan Airport reaches 50 million air passengers by expanding parking, frequency, and facility upgrades; ▪ Suburban Logan Express Service Enhancements ▪ In 2019, Massport increased total Logan Express seat capacity by over 10 percent. ▪ Increase Braintree Logan Express service from two to three trips per hour (implemented in May 2019 but reduced to hourly service in March 2020 due to the impacts of COVID-19). ▪ Add about 1,000 additional spaces to the Framingham garage (permitting completed in 2020 however construction is deferred). ▪ Provide security line priority status to Logan Express Back Bay riders (implemented in 2019; this service is temporarily suspended due to COVID-19). ▪ Marketing to support Logan Express strategy and increase ridership. ▪ Implement Logan Express electronic ticketing (pending). ▪ Evaluate new Logan Express suburban locations, with a plan to open at least one new site (deferred due to COVID-19). ▪ Explore RideApp Last Mile connections. 19 ▪ Continue to monitor parking capacity at all Logan Express sites. ▪ MBTA Silver Line ▪ Eight MBTA Silver Line buses were purchased in 2005 by Massport and are operated by the MBTA, with Massport paying operating costs. Since the existing Silver Line fleet is reaching the end of its useable life, the MBTA and Massport have been working together on a plan to procure a replacement Silver Line fleet. As part of this initiative, Massport and the MBTA developed a Silver Line Capacity Study to determine the mid-term fleet and facility needs as well as to assess other ways to improve the reliability and capacity of the system. Based on this analysis, the MBTA plans to procure 45 new enhanced electric hybrid vehicles to replace the existing fleet of 32 dual mode vehicles. Massport plans to purchase eight MBTA Silver Line buses as part of a forthcoming MBTA procurement. 19 Individuals who fall within the 0.5-mile to 1-mile drive distance of a Logan Express facility are the most likely group to use TNCs to connect between the facility and their home. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-19 ▪ Urban Logan Express Service ▪ Change pick-up/drop-off location from Copley to Back Bay Station (Implemented in 2019. This service is temporarily suspended due to COVID-19). ▪ Discount one-way fare from $7.50 to $3.00 (implemented in 2019). ▪ Provide free service from Logan Airport (implemented in early 2019). ▪ Pilot priority security line status for riders (implemented in 2019). ▪ Marketing to support increased ridership (ongoing). ▪ Implement Logan Express electronic ticketing (pending). ▪ Implement a second urban Logan Express service at North Station (although Massport procured buses for this service in 2020, due to COVID-19, this new service has been deferred). ▪ RideApp Management Plan ▪ Facilitate rematch and shared ride by moving RideApp drop-off/pick-up activity to new dedicated areas in the Central Garage (complete). ▪ Implement RideApp rematch 20 so drivers dropping off can more easily leave with a passenger (complete). ▪ Introduce RideApp shared ride incentives to reduce RideApp vehicles through gateways by increasing vehicle occupancies (complete). ▪ Adopt new RideApp fee structure to support HOV strategies, encourage shared rides, and reduce gateway congestion (complete). ▪ Optimize RideApp operations on-Airport through data reporting, enforcement tools, and emerging RideApp products (continuing). ▪ Infrastructure improvements ▪ Massport will continue to evaluate and identify the need for additional infrastructure modifications as a complement to policy changes to allow terminal area roadways and curbsides to continue functioning adequately and minimize vehicle idling and associated emissions. Changes will be implemented as needed. 20 Rematch allows drivers who are dropping off to instantly pick up another passenger without needing to circle the Airport or leave empty. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-20 Noise Massport strives to minimize the noise effects of Logan Airport operations on its neighbors through a variety of noise abatement programs, procedures, studies, and other tools. At Logan Airport, Massport implements one of the oldest and most extensive noise abatement programs of any airport in the nation. Massport’s c omprehensive noise abatement program includes a dedicated Noise Abatement Office; a state-of-the-art Noise and Operations Monitoring System (NOMS); extensive residential and school sound insulation programs; time-of-day and runway restrictions for noisier aircraft; ground run-up procedures; and flight tracks designed to optimize over-water operations (especially during nighttime hours). The public can register noise complaints by phone or online through Massport’s website. 21 Key findings are summarized in the bullets that follow and additional details can be found in Chapter 6, Noise Abatement. ▪ The fleet mix of Logan Airport continues to be composed of aircraft types with the quietest available technology (Stage 5 is the quietest). About 15 percent of 2018 and 2019 operations were conducted in aircraft meeting Stage 5 requirements, 83 percent meeting Stage 4 requirements, and 2 percent in Certified Stage 3. While the shift to an all-Stage-4-and-5 fleet has been gradual, the accelerated retirements of older aircraft in 2020 are likely to increase the share of Stage 5 in the Logan Airport fleet. The retirement of older, noisier aircraft has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic where airlines continue to phase out older aircraft in response to reduced passenger loads beginning in spring 2020. The 2020 EDR will provide an update on this emerging trend. ▪ Massport and FAA continue to work with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to investigate opportunities to reduce noise through changes to performance-based navigation (PBN), including RNAV. This cooperation is a first-in-the-nation project between FAA and an airport operator to better understand the implications of PBN and evaluate strategies to address community concerns. ▪ Massport continues to be a national leader in sound insulation mitigation. To date, Massport has provided sound insulation for a total of 36 schools and 11,515 residential units and will continue to seek funding for mitigation for properties that are eligible and whose owners have chosen to participate. Since the start of the program, over $170 million has been invested. In 2019, Massport updated its Residential Sound Insulation Program (RSIP) Noise Exposure Map contours and submitted an Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT)-derived noise exposure map to the FAA in 2020 for review and discussion. ▪ Massport is currently working with FAA to possibly address issue with the first-generation sound insulation windows. In January 2020, Massport ’s CEO sent a letter to the FAA Associate Administrator requesting that Massport and FAA work together to address re-treatment of homes that were sound insulated during the early years of the program to upgrade eligible homes to newer, more effective and durable materials. The Associate Administrator responded that FAA is exploring limited circumstances under which Massport might be able to mitigate homes that had been mitigated before FAA first issued sound insulation standards in 1993. The status of the initiative will be reported in future EDRs. Please see Appendix H, Noise Abatement for additional info. 21 Massport. Noise Complaints. http://www.massport.com/logan-airport/about-logan/noise-abatement/complaints/ . Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-21 ▪ Nighttime operations represented 16.1 percent and 16.6 percent of total operations in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Nighttime operations increased, from an average of 168 per night in 2017 to 187 per night in 2018 and 195 per night in 2019. The main increases to nighttime commercial activity were in passenger aircraft operations, primarily resulting from the overall growth in domestic air carrier flights and increased flights to international destinations. The majority (about 81 percent) of nighttime operations occurred either before midnight or after 5:00 AM. ▪ There was an overall decrease in the total number of people residing within the Day-Night Average Sound Level (DNL) 65 decibel (dB) contour from 2017 to 2018. However, the number within the DNL 65 dB contour increased in Winthrop and Revere while decreasing in East Boston. From 2017 to 2018, there was an increase in total operations and in nighttime operations, but the primary factor in the DNL contour changes was a shift in 2018 back to typical runway use following the extended Runway 4L-22R closure in 2017. ▪ The 2019 DNL contours are similar in shape and size to those for 2018, with small changes due to runway use shifts, increases in nighttime operations, and overall operations growth in 2019. The total number of people residing within the DNL 65 dB contour increased from 7,034 in 2018 to 8,768 in 2019. The additional population within the DNL 65 dB contour is mainly located in East Boston, primarily due to an increase in Runway 33L departures due to an increase in northwest winds in 2019. ▪ Compared to 1990, the total number of people residing in the DNL 65 dB contour is about 84 percent lower and 80 percent lower in 2018 and 2019, respectively, due to improved engine technology. Noise Strategy The foundation of Massport’s noise program is the Logan Airport Noise Abatement Rules and Regulations 22 (Noise Rules), which have been in effect since 1986. Massport ’s Noise Abatement Office is responsible for implementing noise abatement measures and generally monitoring community complaints and other aspects of the noise effects from Logan Airport operations. Massport is focused on the following noise abatement initiatives: ▪ Partnerships with Airlines and FAA ▪ Massport is encouraging retrofitting the Airbus A319/320/321 family of aircraft with vortex generators, which reduce tonal noise on approach. In October 2018, jetBlue Airways (the air carrier with the greatest number of operations at Logan Airport) announced plans to retrofit its older Airbus fleet with Vortex Generators. This move reflects the partnership between Massport and the airlines to reduce aircraft noise to benefit surrounding communities. As airlines retrofit aircraft and transition to the newer models of the A320 family, the number of aircraft operating at Logan Airport without the vortex generators is expected to decrease. For more information, please refer to a press release discussing the generators in Chapter 6, Noise Abatement . 22 The Logan International Airport Noise Abatement Rules and Regulations, effective July 1, 1986, are codified as 740 Code of Massachusetts Regulations (CMR) 24.00 et seq (also known as the Noise Rules). Image of Vortex Generator Device by Port on Wing . Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-22 ▪ On October 7, 2016, Massport and FAA signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) 23 to frame the process for analyzing opportunities to reduce noise through changes or amendments to performance-based navigation (PBN), including area navigation (RNAV). This cooperation is a first-in-the-nation project between FAA and an airport operator to better understand the implications of PBN and evaluate strategies to address community concerns. MIT is the technical lead. Block 1 was completed in late 2017 and recommendations were made to the FAA. Currently, MIT is conducting the analysis for Block 2. ▪ The fleet operating at Logan Airport is comprised of 83 percent Stage 4 aircraft and 15 percent Stage 5 aircraft (Stage 5 being the quietest), well above the FAA minimum Stage 3 engines. ▪ Massport continues to prohibit the use of Runways 4L for departures and Runway 22R for arrivals from 11:00 PM to 6:00 AM; maximize late-night over-water operations via Runways 15R and 33L; and restrict nighttime engine run-ups and use of auxiliary power units (APUs). ▪ Massport continues to encourage the voluntary use of reduced-engine taxiing when appropriate and safe (see Appendix L, Reduced/Single Engine Taxiing at Logan Airport Memoranda ). ▪ Massport continues improvement of the Noise Monitoring System. Massport went out to bid in 2018 and selected the prior vendor in 2019. Upgrades to the system and some noise monitors have begun. ▪ Sound Insulation Program ▪ Massport has one of the most extensive residential and school sound insulation programs in the nation. To date, Massport has installed sound insulation in 5,467 residences, including 11,515 dwelling units, and 36 schools in East Boston, Roxbury, Dorchester, Winthrop, Revere, Chelsea, and South Boston. Since the start of the program, over $170 million has been invested. ▪ Approximately 8 percent of applicants also choose the Room-of-Preference option that allows the owner to identify a room (usually a bedroom or living room) for extra acoustical treatment. 23 Massport. October 7, 2016. Massport and FAA Work to Reduce Overflight Noise. https://www.massport.com/news- room/news/massport-and-faa-work-to-reduce-overflight-noise/ . Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-23 Air Quality/Emissions Reduction Total emissions from all sources associated with Logan Airport are less than they were a decade ago, with the exception of NO x . This long-term downward trend is consistent with Massport’s longstanding objective to accommodate the demands of increasing passenger and cargo activity levels with fewer aircraft operations and reduced emissions wherever possible. When compared to 2017, the changes in air emissions in 2018 and 2019 remain within expected values given the corresponding upturn in aircraft operations. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there are far fewer aircraft operations, passengers, and overall activity at Logan Airport. Reductions in aircraft operations and ground access trips will likely result in reduced emissions in 2020. Massport prepared emissions inventories for 2018 and 2019 for the criteria pollutants carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM 10 /PM 2.5 ), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well greenhouse gases (GHGs) and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ). Key findings of those emissions inventories include: ▪ Total modeled emissions of CO, PM 10 /PM 2.5 and NO X , increased from 2017 to 2018 by approximately 14 percent, 17 percent, and 4 percent, respectively. VOCs remained consistent. These increases were mainly attributable to the 5.6-percent increase in aircraft operations in 2018 compared to 2017. Variations in emissions were also due to airframe/engine combination parameters included in the two model versions used and the associated differences in applied emission factors assumed in the models. ▪ In 2019, total modeled emissions of CO, PM 10 /PM 2.5 , and VOCs each increased by about 2 percent from 2018. NO X emissions instead increased by about 5 percent. These changes are also due to an increase in aircraft operations of 0.7 percent as well as slight variations in the aircraft fleet mix from 2018 to 2019. Additionally, increases in NO X emissions in 2019 are associated with higher stationary source fuel usages in that year. ▪ Modeled emissions of CO, VOC, and NO X associated with GSE and motor vehicles, many of which Massport has influence, have declined from 2018 to 2019. Emissions of PM 10 /PM 2.5 remain steady. While there are model version differences between 2017 and 2018, causing variances in emissions between those years, overall GSE and motor vehicles show a decreasing trend from 2017 to 2019 for all pollutants. ▪ Total Logan Airport GHG emissions increased from 2017 to 2018 by approximately 10 percent and from 2018 to 2019 by approximately 4 percent. These increases are primarily due to the increase in aircraft operations (i.e., 5.6 percent in 2018 and 0.7 percent in 2019). GHG emissions associated with Logan Airport in 2018 and 2019 are approximately 1 percent of the most recent statewide emissions estimates. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-24 Effect of Aircraft Engine Technology on NO x Aircraft emissions continue to represent the largest source (95 percent) of NO x at Logan Airport, followed by other sources (2 percent), ground service equipment (GSE) (2 percent), and motor vehicles (1 percent). Massport does not have any control over aircraft emissions, which represent the vast majority of total airport emissions. To reduce fuel use and emissions, aircraft engine designers and manufacturers continue to work on producing more “fuel - efficient” (i.e., less fuel -burning) engines. This is achieved by enhancing engine performance with improved fuel combustion technologies, greater thrust-generating power, and less engine wear. Aircraft are also being designed to decrease fuel-burn with advancements in aircraft wing and body aerodynamics, light-weight alloy materials, and improved means of navigation. These emerging technologies and reduced fuel burn are expected to reduce emissions, reduce noise, and moderate the growth in NO x emissions into the future. Figure 1-8 Aircraft Engine Technology Has Evolved Over Time Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-25 Air Quality Strategy Massport’s air quality management strategy for Logan Airport focuses on decreasing emissions from Airport-related sources. Since Massport does not have direct control over aircraft operations or fleet choices of the airlines, it continues to focus on areas that Massport does control or has an opportunity to influence. Massport ’s air quality management strategy for Logan Airport focuses on decreasing emissions from Airport-related sources, in addition to furthering innovative means to achieve emissions reductions Airport-wide. Massport has established a number of goals and objectives to address air emissions from Airport operations, including the reduction of GSE and Massport vehicle fleet emissions. Massport is focused on the following initiatives: ▪ Provide infrastructure and encourage practices that support reductions in aircraft emissions ▪ Massport provides pre-conditioned air (PCA) and 400 Hertz (Hz) power at all aircraft contact gates to reduce aircraft idling and use of APUs. ▪ Massport encourages single engine taxiing procedures by the airlines when safe, to reduce both noise and air emissions. ▪ Use of battery powered tugs and belt loaders for the Delta Air Lines ground service fleet at Terminal A. Massport is advancing plans to extend the infrastructure for plug-in GSE to other locations. ▪ Maximize use of HOV and reduce single occupancy vehicle trips, particularly drop-off/pick-up trips, and passenger use of private vehicles to and from the Airport ▪ Massport implements an extensive HOV strategy and ground transportation improvements (see following section, Ground Access Strategy, for details). ▪ Reduce emissions from fleets operating at Logan Airport ▪ Massport is facilitating the replacement of gas- and diesel-powered GSE with all-electric GSE (eGSE) by the end of 2027 (as commercially available). In 2018, EPA awarded a grant to Massport to replace gas- and diesel-powered GSE at Logan Airport. This grant will be used in conjunction with an FAA VALE grant Massport received in the fall of 2018 to install eGSE charging stations as part of the Terminal B Optimization Project. In 2019, through the same program, Massport was awarded funds for jetBlue Airways’ charging infrastructure at Terminal C, Massport contributed toward the installation of 42 eGSE charging stations. ▪ In 2019, Massport was awarded a grant through the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection’s (MassDEP’s) Volkswagen Diesel Settlements & Environmental Mitigation Open Solicitation grant program, aimed at reducing NO X and GHG emissions, to acquire eGSE in partnership with jetBlue. This will replace 31 pieces of GSE with new eGSE and install four eGSE charging stations at Terminal C. United Airlines also privately pursued this grant and was awarded funding. ▪ Additionally, in 2019 EPA awarded Massport a DERA grant to replace 44 diesel-powered GSE equipment with all-electric baggage tractors, belt loaders, and push back tugs. GSE owners at Logan Airport will contribute a match. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-26 ▪ Provide infrastructure to support alternative fuels including compressed natural gas (CNG) and electricity ▪ Massport continues to operate one of New England’s largest retail CNG stations, which is open to the public. In 2018 and 2019, the CNG station pumped approximately 25,750 and 24,445 gasoline-gallon equivalents per month for all Massport fleet vehicles (non-Massport vehicles were also using CNG). ▪ Massport supports the current and future standard systems for plug-in electric vehicles (EVs). Massport has installed 13 EV-charging stations to accommodate a total of 26 vehicles in the Central Garage and Terminal B parking areas. Massport has increased the availability of EV charging stations so that 150 percent of this demand is available at all facilities at all times and will continue to evaluate demand as passenger activity levels return. Currently, there are 123 charging ports installed at Logan Airport and more at the Logan Express sites. ▪ Reduce emissions from Massport fleet vehicles ▪ Massport continues to run and augment its fleet of 54 alternative fuel vehicle (AFV)/alternative power vehicle (APV) on-Airport shuttle buses. Massport also has a vehicle procurement policy that requires consideration of AFVs when purchases are made. ▪ Reduce emissions associated with Massport buildings, including energy needs ▪ Massport has committed to achieving Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) certification for eligible buildings, as appropriate. ▪ Massport continues to invest in renewable energy installations on-Airport (solar/wind). Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality Massport ’s approach to environmental management and compliance is a key component of its commitment to sustainability and responsible stewardship at Logan Airport. Through monitoring and documentation, Massport assesses environmental performance, continually developing, implementing, evaluating, and improving policies and programs. Massport promotes appropriate environmental practices through pollution prevention and remediation measures. Massport also works closely with tenants and operations staff at Logan Airport in an effort to continuously improve environmental compliance. Key findings in this EDR include: ▪ In 2018, approximately 97 percent of Massport’s stormwater samples were in compliance with National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements and in 2019, approximately 99 percent of samples were in compliance. ▪ Massport has had its International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) in place since 2006. ▪ Massport annually updates and maintains its Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for Logan Airport. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-27 ▪ Massport continues to assess, remediate, and bring its Massachusetts Contingency Plan sites to regulatory closure. ▪ In 2018, there were eight reportable spills, similar to 2017. Six storm drains were impacted, an increase from the two in 2017. In 2019, there were 22 reportable spills of which nine storm drains were impacted. For additional information, please see Chapter 8, Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality. Sustainability and Resiliency Program Massport is committed to a robust sustainability program. Sustainability has redefined the values and criteria for measuring organizational success by using a "triple bottom line" approach that considers economic, ecological, and social well-being. Applying this approach to decision-making is a practical way to optimize economic, environmental, and social capital. Massport is taking a broad view of sustainability that builds upon the triple bottom line concept and considers the airport-specific context. Consistent with the Airports Council International - North America’s (ACI -NA) definition of Airport Sustainability, 24 Massport is focused on a holistic approach to managing Logan Airport to ensure Economic viability, Operational efficiency, Natural resource conservation, and Social responsibility (EONS). Massport is committed to implementing environmentally sustainable practices Airport- and Authority-wide and continues to make progress on a range of initiatives. The following sections summarize many of the long-term and multifaceted sustainability initiatives undertaken by Massport, which individual chapters of this 2018/2019 EDR more fully describe, where appropriate. Figure 1-9 highlights some of Massport’s recent sustainability initiatives. Figure 1-9 Recent Sustainability Highlights 24 Airports Council International (ACI). Airport Sustainability: A Holistic Approach to Effective Airport Management. Undated. http://www.aci-na.org/static/entransit/Sustainability%20White%20Paper.pdf . Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-28 Logan Airport Sustainability Management Plan (SMP) In 2013, Massport was awarded a grant by FAA to prepare a SMP for Logan Airport. The Logan Airport SMP planning effort began in May 2013 and was completed in April 2015. The Logan Airport SMP takes a broad view of sustainability including economic vitality, operational efficiency, natural resource conservation, and social responsibility considerations. The Logan Airport SMP is intended to promote and integrate sustainability Airport-wide and to coordinate ongoing sustainability efforts across Massport. The Logan Airport SMP developed a framework and implementation plan, with metrics and targets, designed to track progress over time. Massport is currently working on a vision for Massport’s “Sustainability 2.0” as a next -level planning effort to implement principles and approaches from the SMP at other Massport facilities and to update Massport’s sustainability goals and targets. Massport is currently advancing a series of short -term initiatives to help reach its goals (see Table 1-1 ) in the areas of (1) energy and GHG emissions; (2) water conservation; (3) community, employee, and passenger well-being; (4) materials, waste management, and recycling; (5) resiliency; (6) noise abatement; (7) air quality improvement; (8) ground access and connectivity; (9) water quality/stormwater; and (10) natural resources. Massport reports its progress towards achieving each goal, including changes in related performance, in sustainability reports. Since the publication of the Logan Airport SMP, Massport has continued expanding its sustainability initiatives, with an increased focus on implementing resliency measures to protect Maritime and Logan Airport operations, cirital infrastructure, and workforce. The Logan Airport Annual Sustainability Report , first published in April 2016, provides a progress summary of sustainability efforts at Logan Airport based on Massport’s sustainability goals and targets established in the Logan Airport SMP. It highlights Mass port’s progress towards improving sustainability and enhancing resiliency at its facilities. This report, now called the Annual Sustainability and Resiliency Report , was updated in 2019 and can also be found at: http://www.massport.com/massport/business/capital- improvements/sustainability/sustainability-management/ . Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-29 Table 1-1 Logan Airport Sustainability Goals and Descriptions Sustainability Category Goal Sustainability Category Goal Energy and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Reduce energy intensity and GHG emissions while increasing the portion of Massport’s energy generated from renewable sources. Water Conservation Conserve regional water resources through reduced potable water consumption. Community, Employee, and Passenger Well-being Promote economically prosperous, equitable, and healthy communities and passenger and employee well-being. Materials, Waste Management, and Recycling Reduce waste generation, increase the recycling rate, and utilize environmentally sound materials. Resiliency Become an innovative and national model for resiliency planning and implementation among port authorities. Noise Abatement Minimize noise impacts from Logan Airport operations. Air Quality Improvement Decrease emissions of air quality criteria pollutants from Massport sources. Ground Access and Connectivity Provide superior ground access to Logan Airport through alternative and high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) travel modes. Water Quality/Stormwater Protect water quality and minimize pollutant discharges. Natural Resources Protect and restore natural resources near Massport facilities. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-30 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED ® )-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport The United States Green Building Council’s (USGBC’s ) LEED rating system is the most widely recognized third-party green building certification system in North America. Massport is striving to achieve LEED certification for all new and substantial renovation building projects over 20,000 square feet. Most recently, in 2017, the Terminal E New Large Aircraft Wing (Terminal E Renovation and Enhancements Project) received LEED Gold certification for Commercial Interiors. Other recent examples of LEED-certified buildings at Logan Airport are the RCC and Green Bus Depot (see Figure 1-10 and Table 1-2 ). Further details are available in Chapter 3, Airport Planning. Sustainability Design Standards and Guidelines and LEED Certification For smaller building projects and non-building projects, Massport uses its Sustainable Design Standards and Guidelines (SDSGs). The SDSGs provide a framework for sustainable design and construction for both new construction and rehabilitation projects. The SDSGs apply to a wide range of project-specific criteria, such as site design, project materials, energy management and efficiency, air emissions, water management quality and efficiency, indoor air quality, and occupant comfort. Massport is also using USGBC’s sustainability focused Parksmart rating system, an environmental and sustainability focused rating system specific to parking structure management, programming, design, and technology. Figure 1-10 LEED-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-31 Table 1-2 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport Terminal A (LEED Certified) Completed 2005/2006 ▪ First airport terminal in the world to be LEED Certified ▪ Priority curb locations for high-occupancy vehicles (HOVs) and bicycles ▪ Retrofitting with solar panels on the Terminal A roof ▪ Stormwater filtration ▪ Reflective roof ▪ Water use reduction features ▪ Natural daylighting paired with advanced lighting technologies for energy efficiency ▪ Use of recycled and regionally sourced materials ▪ Measures to enhance indoor air quality Signature Flight Support General Aviation Facility (LEED Certified) Completed 2007/2008 ▪ Mechanisms to reduce water use ▪ Natural day lighting with advanced lighting technologies for energy efficiency ▪ Window glazing and sunshades to maximize daylight and minimize heat build-up ▪ Recycled and regionally sourced materials ▪ Measures to enhance indoor air quality Rental Car Center (RCC) (LEED Gold) Completed 2013 ▪ Green building materials ▪ Rooftop solar panels ▪ Bike and pedestrian access and connections ▪ Natural day lighting and advanced lighting technologies for energy efficiency ▪ Use of recycled and regionally sourced materials ▪ Enhanced indoor air quality ▪ Plug-in stations for electric vehicles and other alternative fuel sources such as E-85 (ethanol) ▪ Rental car fleets which include hybrid/alternative fuel/low emitting vehicles ▪ Pedestrian connections ▪ Bicycle facilities and employee showers/changing ▪ Water reclamation for vehicle wash water, and use of stormwater for non-potable uses such as vehicle washing and landscaping irrigation ▪ Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction Green Bus Depot (LEED Silver) Completed 2014 ▪ Rooftop solar panels ▪ Water and energy saving features ▪ VMT reduction ▪ New shuttle fleet including clean diesel/electric hybrid buses and compressed natural gas (CNG) buses ▪ Sustainably grown, harvested, produced, and transported building materials Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-32 Climate Change and Resiliency Planning As the Boston area will continue to experience increased temperatures, more frequent extreme weather events, and higher sea level due to climate change, 25 Massport understands the importance of preparing for impacts to protect and enhance its critical infrastructure, operational assets, and workforce. Through robust planning and regional collaboration, Massport strives to continue its leadership role in resiliency planning among port authorities, the airport industry, and the Boston region. At the end of 2013, Massport initiated a Disaster and Infrastructure Resiliency Planning (DIRP) Study for Logan Airport, the Port of Boston, and Massport’s waterfront assets in South and East Boston. The DIRP Study includes a hazard analysis, modeling sea-level rise and storm surge, and projections of temperature, precipitation, and anticipated increases in extreme weather events. The DIRP Study provides recommendations regarding short- term strategies to make Massport’s facilities more resilient to the likely effects of climate change. In 2014, the study was completed, and implementation of adaptation initiatives began, in late 2014. In addition to the DIRP Study and its related initiatives, Massport has completed an Authority-wide risk assessment, as part of its strategic planning initiative; issued a Floodproofing Design Guide ; and has developed a resilience framework to provide consistent metrics for short- and long-term planning and protection of its critical facilities and infrastructure. Beyond infrastructure resiliency, Massport is also focused on incorporating social and economic resilience into its long-term operational and capital planning. Massport’s Floodproofing Design Guide was published in November 2014 and updated in November 2018. Operational aspects of resiliency strategy include the development of Flood Operations Plans for Logan Airport and Massport maritime facilities. These plans were introduced in 2014 and included the planned deployment of temporary flood barriers to protect up to 12 locations of critical infrastructure in 25 City of Boston. 2016. Climate Ready Boston . https://www.boston.gov/sites/default/files/climatereadyeastbostoncharlestown_finalreport_web.pdf. Table 1-2 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport (Continued) Terminal E New Large Aircraft Wing (LEED Gold - Commercial Interiors) Completed 2017 ▪ Reduces heat island effect by providing a reflective white roof and a light color concrete tarmac ▪ Low-flow water fixtures and water closets ▪ Efficient light fixtures and efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system ▪ Use of renewable energy sources ▪ Recycled and regionally sourced materials ▪ Enhanced indoor air quality ▪ Solar- thermal domestic hot water system to heat 100 percent of the wing’s domestic water needs Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-33 the event of severe weather. Additional locations have been permanently enhanced to prevent flooding. The flood operations plans are evaluated annually to enhance their effectiveness and to adapt to evolving requirements and past experiences. Massport reports on progress towards resiliency goals in its Logan Airport Annual Sustainability Reports. Additional information about Massport ’s resiliency goals and initiatives is available at: http://www.massport.com/massport/business/capital-improvements/sustainability/climate-change- adaptation-and-resiliency/ . Massport Partnerships and Community Support Massport has a long-standing commitment to be a good neighbor. Working in concert with government, community, and civic leaders throughout Massachusetts and New England, Massport is an active participant in efforts that improve the quality of life for residents living near Massport’s facilities . Massport employees participated in a number of community activities in 2018 and 2019. In the spring, Massport employees participated in the City of Bos ton’s annual neighborhood Boston Shines clean-up. At Thanksgiving, Massport employees provided food donations to three community programs, which served more than 500 families and individuals each month. In the fall, children ages four to 17 were provided with a new backpack filled with school supplies and new clothes at the start of the school year. Over the holidays, Massport invited students from neighboring communities and elementary schools to sing at Terminal A as part of its annual holiday music program. Open Space/Buffer Program Massport has invested in an extensive open space program to enhance the surrounding communities. Massport initially committed over $15 million for the planning, construction, and maintenance of four Airport edge buffer areas and two parks along Logan Airport’s perimeter. These buffers include the Bayswater Embankment Airport Edge Buffer, Navy Fuel Pier Buffer, and the Southwest Service Area (SWSA) Buffer (Phases I and II). The award-winning Piers Park was completed in 1995 and has since become part of a network of greenspace that traverses East Boston from the Jeffries Point waterfront to Constitution Beach. Adjacent to the current Piers Park, Piers Park Phase II will add approximately 4.2 acres of green space to the East Boston waterfront upon completion, and plans are underway by an outside party for Piers Park Phase III, which will turn an aging pier into a 3.6-acre greenspace that will include resiliency features to help protect the neighborhood from flooding and sea level rise. Today, East Boston enjoys 3.3 miles and more than 33 acres of green space developed or managed by Massport, in partnership with and in response to engagement with the East Boston community. More information can be found in Chapter 3, Airport Planning . Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-34 Figure 1-11 Parks Owned and Operated by Massport and City of Boston Source: VHB. Organization of the 2018/2019 EDR The remainder of this EDR includes: ▪ Spanish Executive Summary provides a translated version of the Executive Summary included after the English-version of Chapter 1, Introduction/Executive Summary . ▪ Chapter 2, Activity Levels , presents aviation activity statistics for Logan Airport in 2018 and 2019 with a comparison to previous years. The specific activity measures discussed include air passengers, aircraft operations, fleet mix, and cargo/mail volumes. ▪ Chapter 3, Airport Planning , provides an overview of planning, construction, and permitting activities that occurred at Logan Airport in 2018 and 2019. It also describes known future planning, construction, and permitting activities and initiatives. ▪ Chapter 4, Regional Transportation , describes activity levels at New England’s regional airports in 2018 and 2019 and updates recent regional planning activities. ▪ Chapter 5 , Ground Access to and from Logan Airport , reports on transit ridership, roadways, traffic volumes, and parking for 2018 and 2019 with a comparison to previous years. ▪ Chapter 6, Noise Abatement , updates the status of the noise environment at Logan Airport in 2018 and 2019 with a comparison to previous years, and describes Massport’s efforts to reduce noise levels. ▪ Chapter 7, Air Quality/Emissions Reduction , provides an overview of Airport-related air quality in 2018 and 2019 with a comparison to previous years, and efforts to reduce emissions. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-35 ▪ Chapter 8, Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality , describes Massport’s ongoing environmental management activities including NPDES compliance, stormwater, fuel spills, activities under the Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP), and tank management. ▪ Chapter 9, Environmentally Beneficial Measures and Project Mitigation Tracking , provides an overview of M assport’s programs and initiatives that provide environmental benefits and reports on Massport’s progress in meeting its MEPA Section 61 26 mitigation commitments for specific Airport projects. MEPA Appendices : These include t he Secretary’s Certificate on t he 2017 ESPR and comment letters received on the 2017 ESPR and responses to those comments, Secretary ’s Certificates on the EDRs/ESPRs issued for reporting years 2011 through 2017, a list of reviewers to whom this EDR was distributed, and a proposed scope for the 2020 EDR . Also included in this section are the Secretary’s Certificates on the Terminal E Modernization Project ENF, Draft EA/EIR, Final EA/EIR , and the Secretary’s Certificate on the Logan Airport Parking Project ENF. Appendix A – MEPA Certificates and Responses to Comments 27 Appendix B – Comment Letters and Responses Appendix C – Proposed Scope for the 2020 EDR Appendix D – Distribution List Technical Appendices: 28 These include detailed analytical data and methodological documentation for the various environmental analyses presented in and conducted for this EDR. Appendix E – Activity Levels Appendix F – Regional Transportation Appendix G – Ground Access Appendix H – Noise Abatement Appendix I – Air Quality/Emissions Reduction Appendix J – Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality Appendix K – Peak Period Pricing Monitoring Reports Appendix L – Reduced/Single Engine Taxiing at Logan Airport Memoranda 26 Massachusetts General Law, Chapter 30, Section 61 (M.G.L. c. 30, § 61) states that all agencies must review, evaluate, and determine environmental impacts of all projects or activities and shall use all practicable means and measures to minimize damage to the environment. For projects requiring an Environmental Impact Report, Section 61 Findings will specify all feasible measures to be taken to avoid or mitigate environmental impacts, the party responsible for funding the mitigation measures, and the anticipated implementation schedule for mitigation measures. 27 The Secretary’s Certificates on the Terminal E Modernization Project Environmental Notification Form, Draft EA/EIR and Final EA/EIR are included in Appendix A. For convenience, Massport has responded to comments that relate to the EDR and ESPR. 28 Technical appendices are available on Massport’s website at www.massport.com . Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-36 This Page Intentionally Left Blank. Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR Introducción/Resumen Ejecutivo (Spanish Executive Summary) EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-1 1 Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo Introducción Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) continúa con su práctica de casi cuatro décadas de brindar un registro exhaustivo sobre las tendencias medioambientales, el planeamiento de las instalaciones, y los niveles de operaciones y de pasajeros del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston (Aeropuerto Logan o Aeropuerto) y los compromisos de mitigación de Massport en este Informe de datos medioambientales (Environmental Data Report, EDR) de 2018/2019. Como Massport ha hecho periódicamente después de la circulación y revisión de nuestros Informes de Estado y Planificación Ambiental (Environmental Status and Planning Reports, ESPR), con la aprobación del secretario de la Oficina Ejecutiva de Energía y Asuntos Ambientales (Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, EEA) de Massachusetts, este EDR de 2018/2019 combina datos y análisis para los años naturales 2018 y 2019. Este EDR fue preparado en el 2020 durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 en curso. Massport se ha esforzado por incluir actualizaciones relevantes hasta el otoño del 2020 inclusive, cuando las condiciones actuales dieron lugar a cambios en los proyectos o programas que estaban vigentes en el 2018 y 2019. A partir de marzo del 2020, los vuelos de entrada y salida del Aeropuerto Logan se redujeron drásticamente y los niveles de pasajeros disminuyeron en más del 90 por ciento en el pico de la pandemia en la primavera y el verano del 2020. Por lo tanto, actualmente hay muchas menos operaciones de aviones y pasajeros, y se produjo una caída dramática en la actividad general del Aeropuerto Logan. Si bien los niveles de actividad comenzaron a recuperarse lentamente a mediados del verano del 2020, la actual oleada de casos de COVID-19 ha dado lugar a niveles de actividad históricamente bajos y se prevé una recuperación total en los próximos años. En octubre del 2020, el total de operaciones de vuelo del año se redujo aproximadamente en un 50 por ciento y los niveles de pasajeros se redujeron en un 70 por ciento en comparación con los de enero a octubre del 2019. Massport prevé que, para finales del 2020, los niveles de pasajeros habrán bajado a niveles de actividad no observados desde mediados de la década de 1970. Las disminuciones del tráfico aéreo causada s por las recesiones económicas y otras “perturbaciones”, como los acontecimientos del 11 de septiembre del 2001 y la Gran Recesión del 2008/2009, han sido seguidas por ciclos de recuperación gradual. Como se muestra en la Figura 1-1 , después de los acontecimientos del 11 de septiembre del 2001 y la recesión posterior, los niveles de actividad de los pasajeros del Aeropuerto Logan disminuyeron en alrededor del 18 por ciento, pero se recuperaron cinco años después. Los volúmenes de pasajeros del Aeropuerto Logan disminuyeron en alrededor de un 9 % después de la Gran Recesión del 2008/2009. Como se muestra en la Figura 1-2 , en 2020 el promedio de siete días del caudal de detección de pasajeros la Administración de Seguridad en el Transporte (Transportation Security Administration, TSA) se redujo en más del 90 por ciento muy rápidamente. En la Figura 1-3, se muestra el cambio porcentual en el caudal mensual de la TSA desde el 2019 al 2020 para la nación y para Boston. EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-2 La COVID-19 está afectando de una manera sin precedentes no solo la industria de la aviación sino la economía mundial. Mientras que la preocupación inmediata y más apremiante es el costo humano, la COVID-19 ha creado profundas implicaciones para casi todos los negocios e industrias. El impacto en la aviación ha sido particularmente grave. La situación cambia a diario y sigue habiendo una incertidumbre considerable en cuanto a la duración de esta pandemia y sus repercusiones a largo plazo. Fuente: Massport Notas: Terminal de aeropuerto Logan (izquierda) y reclamo de equipaje (derecha) durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Como resultado de esta significativa reducción en la actividad del Aeropuerto y la dramática reducción de los ingresos, tanto Massport como nuestras aerolíneas y otros locatarios han tenido que ajustar y reducir sus operaciones. Al mismo tiempo, el cronograma de varios proyectos y programas del Aeropuerto han sido revisados y retrasados. Para brindar la mayor transparencia posible, en el Capítulo 3, Planeación aeroportuaria, se incluyen las actualizaciones más recientes del proyecto hasta octubre del 2020. Los próximos EDR continuarán brindando actualizaciones, según estén disponibles. En general, Massport sigue evaluando y planificando la recuperación de las operaciones de las aeronaves y la actividad de los pasajeros aéreos, y sigue comprometida con la aplicación de la amplia gama de estrategias ambientales y operativas destinadas a reducir los impactos asociados a las operaciones del Aeropuerto. EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-3 Figura 1-1 Cambio en el aumento de pasajeros del Aeropuerto Logan después de recesiones recientes Fuente: InterVISTAS: Estadísticas de trafico de Massport.. Nota: El cambio por la COVID-19 del 2020 es el año corrido hasta octubre del 2020 frente al 2019. Figura 1-2: Promedio de siete días del caudal de la TSA en los aeropuertos de los EE. UU., 2019 frente al 2020 Fuente: Informes diarios de la TSA. - 18 % - 9 % - 69 % 9/11 y Recesión Gran Recesión COVID-19 2020 -80 % -60 % -40 % -20 % 0 % 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2020 2019 - 65 % -96 % EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-4 Figura 1-3: Cambio porcentual en el caudal mensual de la TSA desde el año anterior, enero del 2020 hasta noviembre del 2020 Fuente: Informes diarios de la TSA. El Aeropuerto Logan, cuyo propietario y operador es Massport, cumple una función clave en las redes de transporte de pasajeros y de carga en el área metropolitana de Boston y de Nueva Inglaterra. Es el principal aeropuerto del área metropolitana de Boston, el aeropuerto más importante de Nueva Inglaterra en cuanto a los servicios de larga distancia y una gran puerta de entrada internacional a los EE. UU. para los servicios transatlánticos. Los límites del Aeropuerto abarcan aproximadamente 970 hectáreas en el East Boston y Winthrop, incluidas aproximadamente 283 hectáreas en el puerto de Boston. El Aeropuerto Logan comprende seis pistas, aproximadamente 24 140 metros de pistas para carreteo y aproximadamente 97 hectáreas de plataformas de cemento y asfalto. El Aeropuerto Logan tiene cuatro terminales de pasajeros interconectadas (Terminales A, B, C y E), cada una con sus propias instalaciones de emisión de pasajes, reclamo de equipaje y transporte terrestre. El Aeropuerto está a menos de cinco kilómetros del centro de Boston y se puede acceder a este por líneas de transporte público, numerosas líneas de autobuses directas y un sistema de carreteras bien conectadas. Massport también brinda el servicio de autobuses Logan Express desde y hacia el Aeropuerto Logan para los pasajeros de vuelos y para los empleados de una serie de aparcamientos de incentivo. Este EDR del 2018/2019 pertenece a una serie de documentos de revisión medioambiental anual entregados al secretario de la EEA, en cumplimiento con la Ley de Políticas Ambientales de Massachusetts (Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act, MEPA). 1 Desde 1979, Massport presenta estos documentos para informar los efectos medioambientales acumulados de las operaciones y de las actividades del Aeropuerto Logan. El Aeropuerto 1 Capítulo 30 de las leyes generales de Massachusetts, secciones 61-62H. La MEPA se implementa mediante las reglamentaciones publicadas en el Código de Normas de Massachusetts (Code of Massachusetts Regulations, CMR) 301 11.00 (las reglamentaciones de la MEPA). -100 % -75 % -50 % -25 % 0 % 25 % Ene Feb Mar Abr May Jun Jul Ago Sep Oct Nov Boston País EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-5 Logan es el primer aeropuerto del país para el que se confeccionó una evaluación medioambiental anual sobre las actividades aeroportuarias y Massport continúa siendo líder en informes medioambientales. Aproximadamente cada cinco años, Massport confecciona un ESPR, que brinda un panorama histórico y prospectivo del Aeropuerto Logan. Los EDR, que se confeccionan anualmente en los intervalos entre los ESPR, brindan una revisión histórica de las condiciones medioambientales para el año que se informa en comparación con el año anterior. Este EDR del 2018/2019 sigue al ESPR del 2017 que informó las condiciones del 2017, e incluyó proyecciones y análisis de las futuras operaciones y condiciones medioambientales en función de la predicción de pasajeros anterior a la COVID-19. Mientras Massport y toda la industria de la aviación continúan ajustándose a las nuevas condiciones operativas, nosotros seguimos evaluando los impactos actuales y futuros de la pandemia. Cuando es posible, este EDR incluye información relevante y actualizaciones. Sin embargo, será necesario realizar proyecciones y análisis más detallados en las próximas ESPRs. El alcance de este EDR del 2018/2019 conjunto se estableció mediante la certificación del secretario en el ESPR del 2017 con fecha del 25 de noviembre del 2019, la que se incluye en el Apéndice A, Certificados y respuestas a los comentarios de la MEPA. Este EDR cumple todos los requisitos establecidos en la certificación del secretario en el ESPR del 2017 e incluye respuestas a los comentarios en la certificación del secretario, y actualiza y compara los datos presentados en el ESPR del 2017 sobre los siguientes temas: Para mejorar la utilidad de este EDR como documento de referencia para los revisores, este informe también presenta datos históricos sobre las condiciones medioambientales en el Aeropuerto Logan desde 1990, en las instancias en que hay información histórica disponible. Cuando corresponde y está disponible, este EDR también incluye actualizaciones hasta el otoño del 2020 inclusive. Este EDR incluye una traducción al español de este capítulo. Esta versión traducida se incluye después de la versión en inglés del resumen ejecutivo. ▪ Niveles de actividad (incluidas las operaciones de las aeronaves, las actividades de los pasajeros y los volúmenes de carga) ▪ Calidad del aire/Reducción de emisiones ▪ Planeación aeroportuaria (incluidas las actividades que están en curso y los proyectos venideros) ▪ Calidad del agua/Cumplimiento medioambiental ▪ Función del Aeropuerto Logan en la red de transporte regional ▪ Sustentabilidad y resiliencia ▪ Acceso terrestre desde y hacia el Aeropuerto ▪ Medidas medioambientales beneficiosas y compromisos de mitigación ▪ Disminución del ruido EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-6 EEA n.° 3247 Presentada por Massachusetts Port Authority One Harborside Drive, Suite 200S East Boston, MA 02128 Stewart Dalzell, subdirector Planificación estratégica y de negocios (617) 568-3524 Brad Washburn, gerente de Planificación Ambiental y Permisos, Planificación Estratégica y de Negocios (617) 568-3546 Proceso de revisión medioambiental del Aeropuerto Logan Este EDR del 2018/2019 es la próxima presentación de Massport en su proceso de revisión medioambiental estatal formal, único, pero bien consolidado, que evalúa los impactos medioambientales acumulados del Aeropuerto Logan. Los documentos brindan un contexto actual e histórico frente al cual los proyectos individuales del Aeropuerto Logan que alcanzan umbrales de revisión medioambiental estatales y federales se evalúan sobre las bases de proyectos específicos. A continuación, se describen los procesos de revisión medioambiental específicos del proyecto para todo el Aeropuerto. Contexto histórico para el proceso de EDR/ESPR del Aeropuerto Logan En 1979, el secretario de la EEA emitió un certificado solicitando a Massport que defina, evalúe y divulgue cada tres años el impacto del crecimiento a largo plazo del Aeropuerto a través de un Informe de impactos medioambientales genérico (Generic Environmental Impact Report, GEIR). En el certificado también se solicitaron actualizaciones anuales provisorias para brindar datos sobre las condiciones para los años entre los GEIR. El GEIR evolucionó hasta transformarse en una herramienta de planificación eficaz para Massport y brindó proyecciones de condiciones medioambientales para que los efectos acumulados de los proyectos individuales se puedan evaluar dentro de un contexto más amplio. La EEA eliminó los GEIR después de las revisiones de 1998 para sus reglamentaciones de la MEPA. Sin embargo, la certificación del secretario sobre la actualización anual de 1997 2 propuso un proceso de análisis medioambiental revisado para el Aeropuerto Logan lo que dio como resultado la confección de los EDR/ESPR de Massport subsiguientes. El ESPR más amplio brinda un análisis de largo alcance de las operaciones, de los pasajeros y de los impactos acumulados proyectados, mientras que los EDR se confeccionan anualmente para brindar una revisión de las condiciones medioambientales para el año que se informa en comparación con el año anterior. Se desarrolló el proceso del EDR/ESPR para permitir que se analicen los proyectos individuales en el Aeropuerto Logan en un contexto más amplio en todo el Aeropuerto. Como se estableció en la introducción del ESPR de 1999, “mientras que el ESPR y el EDR de Logan br indan el contexto amplio de la planificación para los proyectos propuestos para el Aeropuerto Logan y los conceptos de planificación futuros que Massport analiza, 2 Certificación del secretario de la Oficina Ejecutiva de Asuntos Medioambientales sobre la actualización anual del Aeropuerto Logan de 1997, emitida el 16 de octubre de 1998. EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-7 no se puede crear ningún proyecto solamente en las bases de inclusión y análisis en el ESPR de 1999” . Luego, establece que los proyectos que cumplen con los umbrales de revisión de la MEPA o Ley Nacional de Políticas Ambientales (National Environmental Policy Act, NEPA) deben someterse a estos procesos, si es necesario. En resumen, los EDR/ESPR brindan un contexto de planificación acumulada que complementa las presentaciones individuales específicas del proyecto. En el 2018 y 2019, si bien los niveles de pasajeros tuvieron un crecimiento significativo y alcanzaron nuevos niveles máximos, las operaciones de las aeronaves y los efectos medioambientales asociados se mantuvieron bien por debajo de los niveles analizados previamente para el Aeropuerto Logan. Por lo tanto, el crecimiento de la aviación pronosticado presentado en el ESPR del 2004, la afirmación sobre la que se estableció inicialmente el cronograma del ESPR, no se produjo. En consecuencia, con la aprobación del secretario, Massport confeccionó los EDR del 2009 y del 2010 en lugar del ESPR originalmente planeado para el 2009. El ESPR del 2011, presentado a principios del 2013, informó sobre el año natural del 2011 y los pronósticos de los niveles actualizados de las actividades de los pasajeros y de las operaciones de las aeronaves. El EDR del 2012/2013 conjunto presentó condiciones para ambos años naturales, 2012 y 2013. En el EDR del 2014, el EDR del 2015 y el EDR del 2016 se presentaron las condiciones para los años naturales del 2014, 2015 y 2016, respectivamente. Del mismo modo, con el fuerte crecimiento de pasajeros y la evolución de las tendencias de acceso terrestre con la industria emergente de las aplicaciones de transporte en coche (previamente conocido como empresas de red de transporte o transportation network company, TNC), la EEA permitió a Massport aplazar el ESPR del 2016 . El ESPR del 2017 proporcionó un análisis integral acumulado de los niveles de actividad y de las condiciones medioambientales para el 2017 y un horizonte de planeación futura. En el ESPR, Massport propuso confeccionar un EDR del 2018/2019 conjunto para informar los efectos de todas las actividades del Aeropuerto Logan basadas en la actividad de pasajeros y en las operaciones de las aeronaves reales en el 2018 y 2019. Este documento responde a la aprobación de la EEA del EDR del 2018/2019 conjunto. Si bien este informe se centra principalmente en los años 2018 y 2019, Massport ha incluido la mejor información disponible sobre el año 2020, a medida que la Autoridad y la nación reaccionan ante la pandemia de la COVID- 19. Si corresponde, Massport continuará identificando y abordando cualquier tendencia de aviación y medioambiental a largo plazo tanto en los EDR como en los ESPR. EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-8 Revisión específica del proyecto Aunque esta revisión de todo el Aeropuerto brinda el contexto de planificación más amplio para los proyectos propuestos y para los conceptos de planificación futuros, determinados proyectos del Aeropuerto también están sujetos al proceso público de revisión medioambiental específico del proyecto cuando cumplen los umbrales de revisión medioambiental estatal. Cuando se requiere, Massport y los locatarios del Aeropuerto presentan formularios de notificación ambiental (Environmental Notification Forms, ENF) e informes de impacto ambiental (Environmental Impact Reports, EIR) de conformidad con la MEPA. De manera similar, cuando se desencadena la revisión medioambiental de la NEPA, se revisan los proyectos de acuerdo con el proceso de revisión medioambiental de la NEPA. 3 Los proyectos actuales y futuros potenciales que se prevé que se sometan a la revisión de conformidad con la MEPA y/o NEPA se analizan en el Capítulo 3, Planeación aeroportuaria . Contexto de la planificación del Aeropuerto Logan El Aeropuerto Logan cumple una función clave en las redes de transporte de pasajeros y de mercadería del área metropolitana de Boston y de Nueva Inglaterra. El Aeropuerto es uno de los aeropuertos con terreno más limitado del país y está rodeado en tres laterales por el puerto de Boston (consulte las Figuras 1-4 y 1-5 ). 3 42 USC Sección 4321 et seq. La Administración Federal de Aviación (Federal Aviation Administration, FAA) implementa la NEPA mediante la ordenanza 1050.1E, Impactos medioambientales, de la FAA: Políticas y procedimientos, Administración Federal de Aviación, Departamento de Transporte de los Estados Unidos, fecha de entrada en vigor: 20 de marzo del 2006. Complejo de la terminal " ) A " ) B " ) C " ) E 32 4R 33L 27 33R 22L 22R 15L 15R 4L 9 14 Puerto de Boston South Boston East Boston Winthrop FIGURA 1-4 Vista aérea del Aeropuerto Logan Fuente: Nearmap Color Ortho Imagery (26/08/2017) i 0 275 550 137.5 Metros Informe de datos medioambientales 2018/2019 Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1- 9 Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1- 10 Informe de d a t o s medioambiental es 201 8/2019 FIGUR A 1- 5 Aeropuerto Logan y alrededores Fuente: USGS 2015 EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-11 Crecimiento de la actividad de pasajeros y de aeronaves en el Aeropuerto Logan En el 2019, los niveles de actividad de pasajeros aéreos en el Aeropuerto Logan alcanzaron 42,5 millones en todo momento, un aumento del 3,9 por ciento en comparación con el 2018 (40,9 millones). Como ha sido la tendencia reciente antes de marzo del 2020, las operaciones de las aeronaves aumentaron a un ritmo más lento que las de los pasajeros. En el 2019, las operaciones llegaron a un total de 427 176 y en el 2018 las operaciones llegaron a un total de 424 024. Estos dos niveles representan aumentos en comparación con los niveles de pasajeros de 38,4 millones y las 401 371 operaciones del 2017 ( Figura 1-6 ). El crecimiento observado durante el 2018 y 2019 estuvo directamente correlacionado con las fuertes economías nacionales y regionales. Incluso con este crecimiento fuerte, las operaciones de las aeronaves permanecieron muy por debajo de las 487 996 operaciones del 2000 y del pico histórico de 507 449 operaciones alcanzadas en 1998. El crecimiento más lento de las operaciones de las aeronaves en comparación con los niveles de pasajeros se debe al aumento constante en el tamaño de las aeronaves y a la mejora en los factores de carga de las aeronaves (pasajeros/disponibilidad de asientos). Figura 1-6 Niveles de pasajeros anuales y operaciones de aeronaves en el Aeropuerto Logan (1990- 2019) 20 000 000 25 000 000 30 000 000 35 000 000 40 000 000 45 000 000 50 000 000 300 000 350 000 400 000 450 000 500 000 550 000 Pasajeros Operaciones Operaciones Pasajeros Debido a la COVID-19, los niveles de pasajeros y las operaciones del 2020 disminuyeron drásticamente. Hasta octubre del 2020, interanualmente los niveles de pasajeros y las operaciones han disminuido aproximadamente un 70 y un 50 por ciento, respectivamente. EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-12 Los niveles de actividad del Aeropuerto Logan están estrechamente ligados a la economía regional y nacional Los niveles de actividad del Aeropuerto Logan son impulsados ampliamente por las economías locales, regionales y nacionales. Tal como puede verse al observar las tendencias a largo plazo, está claro que cuando la economía es fuerte, el Aeropuerto Logan crece. Análogamente, las disminuciones más importantes en los niveles de pasajeros y en el funcionamiento de las aeronaves se observan muy cerca de perturbaciones nacionales e internacionales importantes. Ejemplos de las disminuciones más significativas incluyen la huelga de la Organización de Controladores Profesionales de Tráfico Aéreo (Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization, PATCO) en 1981, el 11 de septiembre del 2001, la Gran Recesión en el 2008/2009 y ahora la pandemia de la COVID-19. Cuando ha habido un crecimiento significativo, como se observó hasta el 2018 y el 2019, Massport ha puesto en práctica estrategias para abordar ese crecimiento de manera que permita que el Aeropuerto Logan evolucione de manera sostenible y ambientalmente responsable. El Aeropuerto Logan es el aeropuerto más grande de los seis estados de la región de Nueva Inglaterra, que tiene una población de aproximadamente 14,8 millones de residentes. El Aeropuerto está ubicado en Massachusetts, que alberga a 6,9 millones de residentes o cerca del 46 por ciento de la población de Nueva Inglaterra. El Aeropuerto Logan presta servicios a pasajeros de toda Nueva Inglaterra y la principal zona de influencia está compuesta por los siguientes cinco condados de Massachusetts: Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth y Suffolk (que incluye la ciudad de Boston). De acuerdo con las estadísticas disponibles más recientes, 4,4 millones de personas residen en esta área de cinco condados y, según las proyecciones, la población dentro del área de influencia aumentará un 0,5 por ciento por año en los próximos 19 años. 4 En el 2019, de manera similar a años anteriores, el área metropolitana de Boston mantuvo una menor tasa de desempleo (2,6 por ciento) que la de la Mancomunidad (2,9 por ciento) y que la del país entero (3,7 por ciento). 5 El Aeropuerto no solo atiende a una población en crecimiento, sino también a una población con mayores ingresos. El ingreso per capita en el 2019 fue de USD 68 361 (dólares estadounidenses en el 2012) en el área de servicios principal del Aeropuerto, 3,6 por ciento más alta que en la Mancomunidad y 35,9 por ciento más alta que el promedio nacional. 6 El Aeropuerto Logan es un recurso de transporte y económico clave en la región de Nueva Inglaterra, en el estado y en el área metropolitana de Boston, que alberga una gran variedad de industrias. Las industrias con la mayor cantidad de empleados incluyen la atención médica y la asistencia social, los servicios educativos, profesionales, científicos y tecnológicos (que incluyen la próspera industria biotecnológica de Boston). 7 En el 2018 y 2019, Boston se ubicó en el puesto n.° 1 de ciudades de los 4 Woods & Poole Economics, Inc. 2019. Complete Economic and Demographic Data Source (CEDDS). 5 Oficina de estadística laboral (Bureau of Labor Statistics) de los EE. UU. 20 20. 6 Woods & Poole Economics, Inc. 2019. ICF analysis of population and personal income datasets. 7 Oficina de Censos a través de Data USA. Boston-Cambridge, Newton, perfil del área metropolitana MA-NH, wwww.datausa.io. EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-13 EE. UU. en educación y 2.° en atención médica. 8 La contribución de la innovación y la creación de empresas también es evidente en las últimas estimaciones de crecimiento económico del 2019. Además de respaldar el crecimiento y éxito económico del estado, el Aeropuerto Logan y la industria aeroportuaria son elementos importantes para la economía estatal y regional. La Actualización del estudio del impacto económico del aeropuerto estatal de Massachusetts, realizada por el Departamento de Transporte de Massachusetts (Massachusetts Department of Transportation, MassDOT) en el 2014 y actualizada más recientemente en 2019, 9 calcula que los aeropuertos de Massport (incluidos el Aeropuerto Logan, Worcester Regional Airport y Hanscom Field) contribuyen con aproximadamente USD 23,1 mil millones en producción a la economía de Massachusetts anualmente. De esta producción, el 71 por ciento se debe solo al Aeropuerto Logan. 10 La producción total incluye negocios dentro del aeropuerto, construcción, visitantes y efectos multiplicadores (consulte la Figura 1-7 ). 11 El Aeropuerto Logan respalda más de 162 000 puestos de trabajo directos e indirectos, al mismo tiempo que genera aproximadamente USD 16,3 mil millones por año en producción económica total. 12 En el 2019, se contrataron más de 23 000 personas en el Aeropuerto Logan. Esto incluyó a, aproximadamente, 820 miembros del personal y empleados administrativos adicionales de Massport del aeropuerto Logan. 13 8 U.S. News & World Report 2020. Massachusetts. 9 MassDOT. 2014. Actualización del estudio del impacto económico del aeropuerto estatal de Massachusetts. http://www.massdot.state.ma.us/portals/7/docs/airportEconomicImpactSummary.pdf . 10 Ibíd . 11 Los efectos multiplicadores se refieren a la recirculación del dinero en la economía local después de haber sido gastados inicialmente por el Aeropuerto, sus locatarios o los turistas. Esta recirculación aumenta el impacto general de las operaciones del Aeropuerto en la economía local. 12 División de Aeronáutica de MassDOT. 2019. Actualización del estudio del impacto económico del aeropuerto estatal de Massachusetts. https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2019/03/25/AeroEcon_ImpactStudy_January2019.pdf . 13 Massport, 2019. Informe integral anual final del 2019 de la Autoridad Portuaria de Massachusetts. http://www.massport.com/media/3425/mpa-fy19-cafr-final.pdf. Tabla S-11. EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-14 Figura 1-7 Impacto económico total de los aeropuertos de Massport Fuente: MassDOT, Massachusetts Statewide Airport Economic Impact Study Update, 2019. Notas: “Totales para Massachusetts” se refiere a la producción econ ómica total de todos los aeropuertos de Massachusetts. El Aeropuerto Logan se considera un aeropuerto de origen y destino (O&D) 14 tanto nacional como internacionalmente, lo que significa que, aproximadamente, el 90 por ciento de los pasajeros del Aeropuerto Logan inician o finalizan su viaje en el Aeropuerto Logan. Los aeropuertos principales, como el de Atlanta o Chicago, prestan servicios a muchos más pasajeros anualmente, pero en comparación con los aeropuertos de O&D, como el Aeropuerto Logan, pasa un porcentaje mayor de pasajeros en tránsito en los aeropuertos principales a través de los vuelos de conexión. Durante el 2019, el Aeropuerto Logan fue uno de los aeropuertos grandes con crecimiento más rápido de los Estados Unidos en cuanto a la 14 El “tráfico de origen y de destino” se refiere al tráfico de los pasajeros que se origina o que termina en un aeropuerto o en un mercado en particular. Un mercado de O&D fuerte, como Boston, genera una demanda local de pasajeros significativa, ya que muchos pasajeros inician y terminan su viaje en ese mercado. El tráfico de O&D es diferente al tráfico de conexión, que es tráfico de pasajeros que no inician ni terminan en el aeropuerto, sino que solo hacen conexiones en el aeropuerto en ruta hacia otros destinos. EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-15 cantidad de pasajeros. 15 Del 2017 al 2019, el tráfico de pasajeros aéreos en los EE. UU. creció un 9,1 por ciento, mientras que el Aeropuerto Logan experimentó un crecimiento de pasajeros del 10,7 por ciento. 16 El Aeropuerto Logan se considera un aeropuerto de origen y destino (O&D) nacional e internacional, lo que significa que, menos de 10 por ciento de los pasajeros aéreos están conectando por el aeropuerto Logan. Estado de las predicciones En el ESPR del 2017 , se presentó una predicción actualizada para las operaciones de las aeronaves y la actividad de los pasajeros del Aeropuerto. La predicción se centró en un horizonte de planeación futura que incluyó una proyección de 50 millones de pasajeros aéreos anuales y 486 000 operaciones de aeronaves anuales. Las proyecciones del ESPR de Massport fueron congruentes con la proyección del área de la terminal de la Administración Federal de Aviación (FAA) en ese momento. Sin embargo, la pandemia de la COVID-19 redujo drásticamente el tráfico de pasajeros aéreos y, actualmente, se prevé que tomará unos cuantos años hasta que la industria vuelva a los niveles de operaciones previos a la COVID-19. Durante el 2018 y el 2019, debido a la economía sólida, los niveles de actividad de los pasajeros y de las operaciones de aeronaves en el Aeropuerto Logan aumentaron rápidamente. Esta tendencia de crecimiento finalizó en marzo del 2020 y, en consecuencia, las proyecciones del ESPR del 2017 tendrán que ajustarse a medida que se comprendan mejor los efectos a más largo plazo de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Inversiones de Massport en el Aeropuerto Logan Massport evalúa e implementa mejoras en el Aeropuerto Logan, en la seguridad, en la eficacia operativa y en el acceso desde y hacia el área metropolitana de Boston, mientras controla atentamente los efectos medioambientales de las operaciones del Aeropuerto Logan. Un enfoque continuo ha sido mejorar la experiencia del pasajero y del usuario en el Aeropuerto Logan. Los proyectos del área de la terminal recientes y en curso están destinados a brindar una conectividad posterior a la seguridad sin inconvenientes entre las terminales y mejoras al sistema de proceso de pasajeros a través de las áreas de verificación de seguridad consolidadas. El acceso al Aeropuerto Logan y sus alrededores continúa siendo una prioridad. Massport continúa trabajando con la FAA para mejorar la seguridad en la zona de operaciones a través de una variedad de mejoras en la seguridad del área de las pistas (runway safety area, RSA) y de simplificaciones en la geometría del campo de aviación Como se mencionó anteriormente, los efectos de la pandemia de la COVID-19 han precipitado una gran serie de cambios en el Aeropuerto Logan. Tanto la disminución de los pasajeros como los ingresos asociados han requerido importantes ajustes en los servicios y en los cronogramas de los proyectos. Massport se ha centrado en ajustar los servicios para que se ajusten a los cambiantes niveles de pasajeros 15 Entre el 2014 y el 2019, el Aeropuerto Logan fue el 20.° aeropuerto con crecimiento más rápido en los EE. UU. en términos de tráfico local de O&D en comparación con los 30 aeropuertos principales de los EE. UU. (encuesta de O&D del Departamento de Transporte [Department of Transportation, DOT] de los EE. UU.). 16 ACI. 2019. Resumen del tráfico en los aeropuertos norteamericanos del ACI http://www.aci-na.org/content/airport-traffic- reports . EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-16 y en asegurar que esos cambios se hagan teniendo muy en cuenta la gestión de los impactos ambientales y de operación. En algunas áreas, se ajustaron los programas para reflejar las necesidades y los impactos actuales. Estos ajustes temporarios se describen en los capítulos técnicos correspondientes de este EDR. Massport sigue comprometida en implementar estrategias de mitigación relacionados a proyectos, como documentado en Capitulo 9, Medidas que benefician al medioambiente y seguimiento del proyecto de mitigación . Aspectos destacados y hallazgos clave del 2018 y 2019 Esta sección brinda un breve resumen de los hallazgos clave, por capítulo, en el Aeropuerto Logan en el 2018 y 2019. También se incluye una breve actualización sobre la actividad en el 2020 y las proyecciones futuras a la luz de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Se ofrece información adicional sobre las actividades del Aeropuerto en los capítulos subsiguientes. Esta sección también destaca las iniciativas de Massport para una mayor sustentabilidad a través de proyectos específicos e iniciativas con una hoja de sustentabilidad y resume el programa de sustentabilidad de Massport. El Certificado del Secretario sobre el ESPR del 2017 , que constituye el alcance de este EDR del 2018/2019 , reconoció el crecimiento rápido en los últimos años y le ordenó a Massport que proporcionara actualizaciones sobre la proyección del ESPR del 2017 . Si bien el crecimiento reciente y rápido de pasajeros del Aeropuerto Logan continuó hasta principios del 2020, la pandemia de la COVID-19 comenzó a reducir drásticamente las operaciones del aeropuerto y los pasajeros a mediados de marzo del 2020. En las fases iniciales de la pandemia, los niveles de pasajeros disminuyeron por más del 90 por ciento. Si bien los niveles de actividad comenzaron a recuperarse lentamente a mediados del verano del 2020, la actual oleada de casos de COVID-19 ha dado lugar a niveles de actividad históricamente bajos y la recuperación total se dará en algunos años. En octubre del 2020, el total de operaciones de vuelo del año se redujo en un 50 por ciento y los niveles de pasajeros se redujeron en un 70 por ciento en comparación con los de enero a octubre del 2019. Massport prevé que, para finales del 2020, los niveles de pasajeros habrán bajado a niveles de actividad no observados desde mediados de la década de 1970. Hasta que no se comprendan mejor los impactos a largo plazo de la COVID-19, Massport solo puede hacer proyecciones preliminares de la tasa de recuperación de los niveles de pasajeros. El próximo EDR proporcionará más actualizaciones con la mejor información disponible en ese momento. Niveles de actividad Hasta el inicio de la pandemia de la COVID-19, el Aeropuerto Logan (y la industria de la aviación en general) había estado experimentando un fuerte crecimiento, en gran parte por las condiciones económicas positivas en la región de Boston, el bajo desempleo, una base económica diversa y fuerte, y la inversión continua en bienes raíces comerciales y residenciales, en ciencias biológicas en particular, en las finanzas, en la atención médica y en la educación superior. Debido a la pandemia de la COVID-19, los niveles de pasajeros y las operaciones del 2020 disminuyeron drásticamente. Hasta octubre del 2020, interanualmente los niveles de pasajeros y las operaciones han disminuido aproximadamente un 70 y un 50 por ciento, respectivamente. EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-17 Los niveles de actividad de pasajeros aéreos en el Aeropuerto Logan en el 2018 y 2019 aumentaron a 40,9 millones en 2018 y 42,5 millones en el 2019. Las operaciones de las aeronaves continuaron la tendencia a largo plazo de aumentar a un ritmo más lento que los pasajeros. En el 2018, las operaciones llegaron a un total de 424 024 y en el 2019 las operaciones llegaron a un total de 427 176. Ese crecimiento estuvo directamente correlacionado con la fuerte economía nacional y regional. Incluso con el fuerte crecimiento, las operaciones de las aeronaves permanecieron muy por debajo de las 487 996 operaciones del 2000 y del pico histórico de 507 449 operaciones alcanzadas en 1998. La combinación de un menor número de operaciones en aeronaves más limpias y silenciosas ha dado lugar a una reducción drástica de los impactos ambientales en comparación con los valores máximos históricos. Del 2010 al 2019, la cantidad anual de pasajeros en el Aeropuerto Logan aumentó alrededor de un 55 por ciento, mientras que la cantidad anual de operaciones 17 aumentó más lentamente, alrededor del 21 por ciento, debido al aumento de los factores de carga de las aeronaves. Los niveles de pasajeros internacionales aumentaron más rápidamente que los niveles de pasajeros con destinos nacionales en el 2018 y 2019. Los niveles de actividad de los pasajeros aéreos con destinos domésticos aumentaron un 6,9 por ciento y un 2,6 por ciento en 2018 y 2019, respectivamente, mientras que los niveles de actividad de los pasajeros aéreos con destinos internacionales aumentaron un 5,3 por ciento y un 9,7 por ciento, respectivamente. Consulte el Capítulo 2, Niveles de actividad, para obtener información adicional . Planeación aeroportuaria Massport continuamente mejora las instalaciones del Aeropuerto Logan para adaptarlo a los cambios de la demanda de pasajeros, de la actividad de las aeronaves, de las necesidades de las cargas y del acceso al transporte. En el Capítulo 3, Planeación aeroportuaria , Massport ha identificado proyectos de planeación e iniciativas prioritarios en las siguientes categorías: ▪ Transporte terrestre y estacionamiento. ▪ Terminales. ▪ Planificación de la zona de operaciones. ▪ Áreas de servicio. ▪ Amortiguadores del Aeropuerto y espacio abierto ▪ Energía, sustentabilidad y resiliencia Durante el 2018 y 2019 se prestó gran atención a las medidas de reducción del acceso terrestre y de los viajes, y a las mejoras de las terminales. Los proyectos del área de la terminal recientes y en curso brindan una conectividad y flexibilidad posterior a la seguridad sin inconvenientes entre las terminales y mejoras al sistema de proceso de pasajeros a través de las áreas de verificación de seguridad consolidadas. 17 Una operación de una aeronave se define como un arribo o una partida. EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-18 Para mejorar la red de carreteras en el Aeropuerto, Massport está mejorando varios de los segmentos de carreteras e intersecciones del área de la terminal. En octubre del 2019, Massport abrió sus nuevas áreas consolidadas para recoger o dejar pasajeros de las aplicaciones de transporte en coche en Central Garage. En el 2018 y 2019, Massport también adelantó varios servicios de medios de transporte masivos (HOV) y realizó mejoras en las instalaciones de Logan Express como parte de sus objetivos de reducción de viajes. Desde la presentación del ESPR del 2017 , Massport ha completado la revisión medioambiental estatal y/o federal de numerosos proyectos: ▪ El Proyecto de Estacionamiento del Aeropuerto Logan, que añadirá 5000 espacios de estacionamiento comercial en el Aeropuerto Logan en ubicaciones que ya se usan para el estacionamiento. Los espacios de estacionamiento adicionales dependen de la aprobación de MassDOT y de la Agencia de Protección Medioambiental de los EE. UU. (EPA) de una modificación a la reglamentación del Congelamiento del Estacionamiento en el Aeropuerto Logan. 18 Los espacio adicionales tienen como objetivo reducir las modalidades para recoger/dejar pasajeros perjudiciales para el medioambiente (es decir, recoger o dejar pasajeros en vehículos privados, en taxi, aplicaciones de transporte en coche o mediante servicios de limusinas con chofer). El proceso de revisión conjunto de la MEPA/NEPA se completó en enero del 2020. Actualmente, este proyecto está aplazado debido a la reducción en la actividad de los pasajeros asociada con la pandemia de la COVID-19. ▪ El proyecto de la terminal C de la cubierta, conexiones y carreteras recibió la aprobación medioambiental federal según la NEPA en noviembre del 2018. Como se describe en el ESPR del 2017 , la construcción de este proyecto sustituirá y reconfigurará secciones de las carreteras elevadas que conectan las Terminales B y C. En este momento, se prevé que el reemplazo de la cubierta comience y se complete en el 2021, con un programa ligeramente reducido respecto a lo previsto originalmente. Se prevé que se complete el conector de la Terminal B a la C en la primavera del 2022 y que las carreteras estén terminadas en el 2023. Massport continúa trabajando con la FAA para mejorar la seguridad en la zona de operaciones a través de una variedad de proyectos en la seguridad del área de las pistas y de simplificaciones en la geometría del campo de aviación Consulte el Capítulo 3, Planeación aeroportuaria, para obtener más información . Transporte regional En el 2018 y 2019, se observó un aumento en la actividad de pasajeros aéreos en la región de Nueva Inglaterra. Los pasajeros aéreos de la región aumentaron en un 6,5 por ciento a 58,3 millones de pasajeros aéreos en el 2018 y luego otro 2,5 por ciento a 59,7 millones en el 2019. Los 10 aeropuertos regionales (sin incluir el Aeropuerto Logan) de Nueva Inglaterra prestaron servicios a 17,3 millones y 17,2 millones de pasajeros aéreos en el 2018 y 2019, respectivamente, en comparación con 16,3 millones de pasajeros en el 2017. Worcester Regional Airport, T.F., Green Airport, Portland International Jetport, Burlington International Airport y Bangor International Airport experimentaron un aumento general de las operaciones de 18 Título 310, sección 7.30 del Código de Normas de Massachusetts, y título 40, sección 52.1120 del Código de Reglamentaciones Federales EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-19 servicios comerciales desde el 2017. Los aeropuertos Manchester-Boston Regional, Tweed-New Haven, Bradley International y Portsmouth International vieron reducida su oferta de servicios desde el 2017. Los tres aeropuertos de Massport, el Aeropuerto Logan, Worcester Regional Airport y Hanscom Field contribuyeron de manera significativa con la economía regional, generando aproximadamente USD 23,1 mil millones anualmente o el 94 por ciento de los beneficios de la economía general generados por el sistema de aeropuertos de Massachusetts. Hanscom Field es un aeropuerto de relevo del Aeropuerto Logan y es el segundo aeropuerto con mayor actividad en Nueva Inglaterra. En Worcester Regional Airport aumentó la cantidad de pasajeros en un 76 por ciento en el 2019 en comparación con el 2017, y se informó un total de aproximadamente 817 057 pasajeros desde el 2013 hasta el 2019. En los últimos cinco años, Worcester Regional Airport experimentó una tasa de crecimiento promedio del 10 por ciento por año. Massport continúa invirtiendo en Worcester Regional Airport. Junto con la ciudad de Worcester, Massport ya ha comenzado una inversión de USD 100 millones a 10 años para revitalizar y atraer operaciones comerciales en Worcester Regional Airport. Las inversiones incluyen un sistema de aterrizaje instrumental CAT III (alrededor de USD 32 millones) que se pagan con subvención federal y fondos de Massport. Además, jetBlue Airways, American Airlines y Delta Air Lines anunciaron un nuevo servicio al John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) de Nueva York, al Philadelphia International Airport y al Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, respectivamente. Desde la fecha de publicación de este EDR, se ha suspendido servicios comerciales de pasajeros desde Worcester Regional Airport debido a la baja en la demanda de los pasajeros como consecuencia de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Los viajes de todo el sistema de trenes Amtrak aumentó de 31,7 millones de viajes de usuarios en el año fiscal (fiscal year, FY) 2018 a 32,5 millones de viajes en el FY 2019. En el FY 2018, el corredor noreste (Northeast Corridor, NEC) transportó más de 12 millones de pasajeros, alrededor de un 1 por ciento más que el año anterior. En el FY 2019, el NEC transportó más de 12,5 millones de pasajeros en esos servicios, alrededor de un 3 por ciento más que el año anterior. Acceso terrestre El Aeropuerto Logan continúa siendo uno de los principales aeropuertos de los Estados Unidos en cuanto a la modalidad de HOV y de viajes en transporte público. Massport promueve numerosas opciones de HOV, transporte público y viajes compartidos para mejorar las carreteras dentro del Aeropuerto y las operaciones en las aceras, para aliviar las limitaciones de estacionamiento y para mejorar el servicio al cliente. Los hallazgos clave del 2018 y 2019 se resumen en las viñetas a continuación y se pueden encontrar detalles adicionales en el Capítulo 5, Acceso terrestre desde y hacia el Aeropuerto Logan. ▪ El promedio de las millas viajadas por vehículos (vehicle miles traveled, VMT) dentro del Aeropuerto en los días de semana aumentaron alrededor de un 4,5 por ciento, del 2017 al 2018. Entre el 2018 y el 2019, el promedio de las VMT dentro del Aeropuerto en los días de semana aumentó en un 2,2 por ciento. El cambio en el tráfico diario promedio se puede atribuir principalmente a los aumentos en la actividad de los pasajeros, a la actividad de recoger/dejar pasajeros, a la carga y a los usos no relacionados con la aviación del Aeropuerto. Se prevé que la actividad en el Aeropuerto y las VMT dentro del Aeropuerto serán significativamente menores en el 2020 debido al impacto de la COVID- 19. EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-20 ▪ Las transacciones de las aplicaciones de transporte en coche alcanzaron un total de más de 7 millones en el 2018 y aumentaron a más de 8 millones en el 2019, un crecimiento de más del 16 por ciento. Las aplicaciones de transporte en coche tienen un impacto en otras modalidades de acceso al Aeropuerto y contribuyen a la congestión dentro del Aeropuerto. Parcialmente debido al continuo aumento de las aplicaciones de transporte en coche, los viajes en limusinas con chofer y los viajes programados en van disminuyeron en, aproximadamente, un 23 por ciento del 2017 al 2019. Los viajes en taxis disminuyeron un 14 por ciento en el 2018 en comparación con el 2017, y un 7 por ciento entre el 2018 y el 2019. La cantidad de pasajeros de la línea Blue de la Autoridad de Transporte de la Bahía de Massachusetts (Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, MBTA) aumentó en un 4 por ciento entre el 2017 y el 2018, y disminuyó en un 29 por ciento el año siguiente. ▪ En función de cambios en las elecciones de la modalidad de los pasajeros para acceder al Aeropuerto Logan entre el 2017 y el 2019, Massport actualizó sus objetivos y su definición de HOV. La definición actualizada considera que los taxis, las limusinas con chofer y las aplicaciones de transporte en coche que llevan a más de un pasajero aéreo por vehículo son HOV, mientras que las mismas modalidades con un pasajero aéreo no contarán como HOV. Con esta definición actualizada, Massport estableció un objetivo del 35,5 por ciento de HOV para el 2022 y del 40 por ciento para el 2027. Según los resultados de la Encuesta de acceso terrestre de pasajeros aéreos del 2019, la modalidad de HOV compartida alcanzó el 40,4 por ciento, superando tanto los objetivos a corto como a largo plazo. Si bien se prevé que la modalidad de HOV compartida disminuirá como resultado de la COVID-19 a corto plazo, Massport prevé que la cantidad de pasajeros en el HOV se recupere con el tiempo y sigue comprometido con los objetivos de la modalidad de HOV compartida en el futuro. Estrategia para el acceso terrestre Massport cuenta con una estrategia integral múltiple de reducción de viajes de larga data para diversificar y mejorar las opciones de transporte terrestre para los pasajeros y para los empleados que viajan desde y hacia el Aeropuerto Logan. La estrategia está diseñada para ofrecer a los pasajeros la oportunidad de elegir entre HOV, transporte público y opciones de viajes compartidos que son prácticas y confiables, y que reducen los impactos medioambientales y en la comunidad. Desde hace muchos años, el Aeropuerto Logan ocupa el puesto número uno en los aeropuertos de los EE. UU. en términos de HOV y modalidades de transporte público compartido. Massport promueve numerosas opciones de HOV, transporte público y viajes compartidos para mejorar las carreteras dentro del Aeropuerto y las operaciones en las aceras, para aliviar las limitaciones de estacionamiento y para mejorar el servicio al cliente. La estrategia de Massport también tiene como objetivo brindar suficiente estacionamiento dentro del Aeropuerto para los pasajeros aéreos que eligen la modalidad de acceso en automóvil y/o que tienen opciones de HOV limitadas. En el 2017, MassDEP enmendó el Congelamiento del Estacionamiento en el Aeropuerto Logan para permitir un aumento de hasta 5000 espacios de estacionamiento comercial dentro del Aeropuerto, lo que permite la construcción de estacionamientos adicionales para reducir el uso de las modalidades para recoger/dejar pasajeros, y para aliviar las condiciones de estacionamiento limitado dentro del Aeropuerto. EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-21 Un interés de larga data de Massport es abordar la congestión de las carreteras dentro del Aeropuerto con una combinación de cambios en las políticas y con mejoras en la infraestructura. Es importante aliviar la congestión de la zona de las terminales para que las operaciones en tierra sigan siendo seguras y eficientes, y para reducir los impactos ambientales. Mejorar las opciones de transporte multimodal, y brindar una infraestructura moderna y flexible es una forma mediante la cual un aeropuerto puede reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (greenhouse gas, GHG) y de mejorar su huella ecológica. Massport reconoce la importancia de proporcionar servicios de HOV seguros y confiables desde y hacia el Aeropuerto, y para el 2019 ya había alcanzado su plan estratégico de aumentar la parte de la modalidad de HOV al 40 por ciento para el 2027. Comprender el crecimiento del uso de las aplicaciones de transporte en coche y su impacto en la congestión de las carreteras regionales y de las zonas de las terminales es esencial para gestionar el volumen de tráfico dentro del Aeropuerto y para promover los servicios de HOV como una alternativa viable y atractiva. Las reducciones de las posibles emisiones son una razón por la que Massport está comprometido con un objetivo a largo plazo para fomentar y respaldar el HOV público y privado, y los servicios de viajes compartidos dirigidos a los pasajeros aéreos, a los usuarios del Aeropuerto y a los empleados. Otros beneficios incluyen los siguientes: ▪ Reducir la congestión en las carreteras de las terminales y en las aceras de las áreas para recoger/dejar pasajeros. ▪ Aliviar las restricciones en las instalaciones de estacionamiento limitadas. ▪ Servicio al cliente (brindar una variedad de opciones de transporte para las diferentes características demográficas de los viajeros). Aunque este informe se centra principalmente en la actividad en el 2018 y 2019, como consecuencia de la pandemia de la COVID-19, en el 2020 se modificaron temporalmente varias medidas de reducción del HOV y de los viajes de Massport. Los vuelos desde y hacia el Aeropuerto Logan se han reducido drásticamente y los niveles de pasajeros disminuyeron casi un 90 por ciento a partir de marzo del 2020. Como consecuencia, aunque los niveles operativos y de pasajeros se recuperaron un poco a mediados del 2020, en general, hay muchos menos pasajeros y empleados que viajan hacia y desde el Aeropuerto Logan y hay mucha menos congestión en las carreteras en el período pico tanto en Boston como en el área metropolitana. Además, el interés de la comunidad por utilizar los servicios de transporte HOV, como los autobuses, el tránsito rápido y el ferrocarril suburbano, se ha visto considerablemente afectado por las preocupaciones de la salud p ú blica relacionadas con la COVID-19. En ese contexto, Massport sigue evaluando y planificando la recuperación de la actividad de los pasajeros aéreos y mantiene su compromiso de implementar la amplia gama de estrategias de acceso terrestre que se esbozaron en el ESPR del 2017 cuando demanda para estas medidas se recuperen. Sin embargo, el cronograma de esos servicios y las mejoras previstas se han ajustado debido a las continuas limitaciones operacionales y a las reducciones de ingresos. Massport continúa revisando cuidadosamente los niveles de actividad dentro y fuera del Aeropuerto, y ajustará sus programas de acceso terrestre para alinearlos con los niveles de cantidad de pasajeros. Los próximos EDR brindarán actualizaciones detalladas sobre todos los ajustes a los servicios y los niveles de actividades. Massport evalúa continuamente sus estrategias y programas destinados a mejorar y, donde sea necesario, expandir los servicios de HOV hacia y desde el Aeropuerto Logan, incluida la continua inversión en las instalaciones y el servicio de Logan Express. Las iniciativas descritas a continuación pueden mejorar las EDR del 2018/2019 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-22 operaciones en las carreteras, así como la calidad de las emisiones atmosféricas. Las siguientes medidas se implementaron o siguen en análisis: ▪ El objetivo de duplicar la cantidad de pasajeros en Logan Express para cuando el Aeropuerto Logan alcance 50 millones de pasajeros aéreos al expandir el estacionamiento, la frecuencia y las mejoras en las instalaciones. ▪ Mejoras al servicio suburbano de Logan Express ▪ En 2019, Massport aumentó la capacidad de asientos totales en el Logan Express en más de 10 por ciento. ▪ Aumentar el servicio de Braintree Logan Express de dos a tres viajes por hora (implementado en mayo del 2019, pero reducido a un servicio por hora en marzo del 2020 debido a los impactos de la COVID-19). ▪ Agregar unos 1000 espacios más a Framingham Garage (el permiso se completó en el 2020, pero la construcción está aplazada). ▪ Brindar estado de prioridad en la cola de seguridad para los usuarios de Logan Express Back Bay (implementado en el 2019; este servicio está actualmente suspendido debido a la COVID-19). ▪ Realizar campañas de publicidad para respaldar la estrategia de Logan Express y para aumentar la cantidad de pasajeros. ▪ Implementar la emisión de boletos electrónicos para Logan Express (pendiente). ▪ Evaluar las nuevas ubicaciones suburbanas de Logan Express, con un plan para abrir, al menos, un sitio nuevo (aplazado debido a la COVID-19). ▪ Explorar las conexiones de destino final de las aplicaciones de transporte en coche. 19 ▪ Continuar monitoreando la capacidad de estacionamiento en todos los sitios de Logan Express. ▪ Línea Silver de la MBTA ▪ Massport adquirió ocho autobuses de la línea Silver de la MBTA en el 2005 y los opera la MBTA, y Massport paga los costos operativos. Dado que la flota existente de la línea Silver está llegando al final de su vida útil, la MBTA y Massport han estado trabajando juntos en un plan para conseguir una flota de reemplazo de la línea Silver. Como parte de esta iniciativa, Massport y la MBTA elaboraron un Estudio de capacidad de la línea Silver para determinar las necesidades a mediano plazo de la flota y las instalaciones, así como para evaluar otras formas de mejorar la confiabilidad y la capacidad del sistema En función de este análisis, la MBTA tiene previsto adquirir 45 nuevos vehículos híbridos eléctricos mejorados para sustituir la flota actual de 32 vehículos de modo dual. Massport planea comprar ocho autobuses de la línea Silver de la MBTA como parte de una próxima adquisición de la MBTA. 19 Las personas que se encuentran dentro de la distancia de 0,5 a 1 milla en coche de algunas de las instal
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