Environmental Data Report, 2020 and 2021
Massachusetts Port Authority · from Massport · 794 pages · 126.4 MB
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2020/2021 EDR E N V I R O N M E N TA L D ATA R E P O R T B O S T O N L O G A N I N T E R N AT I O N A L A I R P O R T SUBMITTED TO Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, MEPA Office SUBMITTED BY Massachusetts Port Authority Strategic & Business Planning PREPARED BY IN ASSOCIATION WITH Harris Miller Miller & Hanson Crawford, Murphy & Tilly ICF Inter VISTAS Consulting N o v e m b e r 2 0 2 2 E E A # 3 247 BOSTON LOGAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 2020/2021 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA REPORT November SUBMITTED TO PREPARED BY 2022 Executive Office of Energy at! and Environmental Affairs, =Vhb EEA #3247 MEPA Office ® SUBMITTED BY IN ASSOCIATION WITH Massachusetts Port Authority Harris Miller Miller & Hanson Strategic & Business Planning Crawford, Murphy & Tilly ICF InterVISTAS Consulting November 15, 2022 The Honorable Bethany A. Card, Secretary Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs Attn: MEPA Analyst, EEA 3247 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 900 Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Re: Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 Environmental Data Report - EEA #3247 Dear Secretary Card and Director Kim: On behalf of the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport), we are pleased to submit this 2020/2021 Environmental Data Report (EDR) for Boston Logan International Airport (Logan Airport or the Airport). This filing continues Massport’s over four-decade practice of providing an extensive record of Logan Airport environmental trends, facility planning, operations and passenger data, and Massport’s mitigation commitments. At the Secretary’s direction, this combined 2020/2021 EDR provides an overview of an extraordinary period in the history of Logan Airport resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The dramatic nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its global impacts, the US and local economies, and to the aviation industry in particular, were more intensely experienced at Logan Airport than many other US airports. Beginning in March 2020, flights in and out of Logan Airport were reduced and passenger levels dropped by over 90 percent at the peak of the pandemic in the spring and summer of 2020. 2020 annual passengers dropped to levels of activity not seen since the mid-1970s. There were far fewer aircraft operations, passengers, and ground traffic, and a similar drop in overall Logan Airport activity. Activity levels began a slow recovery in mid-summer 2020 and continued through 2021. For the first 8 months of 2022 (January to August), operations were down 13 percent and passengers were down 18 percent compared to the first 8 months of 2019. As a result of this significant reduction in Airport activity and revenues, Massport, our airlines, and other tenants adjusted their capital and operations plans. Concurrently, the schedule for a number of Airport projects and programs have been adjusted. Chapter 3, Airport Planning , includes the most current project updates through the end of September 2022. Logan Airport passenger and operational levels are generally tied closely to the strong local, regional, national, and international economies and its role as the major airport to a region that is the home to world-class educational and medical institutions, cutting-edge technology companies, rich historical resources, and extensive tourism. Logan Airport’s recovery and the timeframe will similarly be driven by the national and regional economic recovery. As the economic recovery advances, Massport continues to evaluate and carefully plan for the recovery of aircraft operations and air passenger activity, and remains committed to implementing the broad range of environmental and operating strategies designed to reduce the impacts Secretary Bethany A. Card Page 2 November 15, 2022 associated with Airport operations. Most notable is the early 2022 announcement of Massport’s “ Roadmap to Net Zero ”. This bold, Authority-wide environmental initiative aims to reduce Massport-controlled emissions to net zero by 2031, the 75 th anniversary of the Massachusetts Port Authority. As one of New England’s largest transportation hubs, emission reduction at Logan Airport is a centerpiece of this program. By addressing building efficiency, transitioning to clean energy, updating our vehicle fleets to electric vehicles, and collaborating with our tenants, airlines, and other business partners, we have the opportunity to dramatically reduce emissions in a way that will improve air quality while still serving as a regional economic engine. Massport will continue to seek opportunities to implement measures designed to reduce Logan Airport’s operating and environmental impacts. Such measures are tied to High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) strategies, noise abatement procedures, emission reduction and energy efficiency measures, as well as continued information sharing with interested stakeholders and our neighbors. Additionally, this EDR, in response to community input, includes discussion on the evolving science and studies of aircraft noise and emissions and associated public health investigations. Through both this EDR and future EDRs/ESPRs, we hope both to share the most recent, available information and, where possible, support those studies that will ultimately guide evolving regulations and mitigation strategies. EDR Content and Structure The 2020/2021 EDR responds to the Secretary’s Certificate on the Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR dated March 2021. The EDR also updates conditions for the following categories: • Passenger levels, aircraft operations, aircraft fleets, and cargo volumes; • Planning, design, and construction activities at Logan Airport; • Regional transportation statistics and initiatives; • Key environmental indicators (Ground Access, Noise Abatement, Air Quality/Emissions Reduction, and Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality); • Status of Logan Airport project mitigation; and • Sustainability initiatives. The 2020/2021 EDR includes the Secretary’s Certificate on the Boston Logan International Airport 2018/2019 EDR and associated comment letters. Certificates received on the Logan Airport Parking Project (EEA# 15665) and Terminal E Modernization Project (EEA# 15434), which included items to be addressed in future EDRs and ESPRs are also included. Appendix D, Distribution presents the EDR distribution list and supporting technical appendices are available electronically. Review Period, Distribution, and Consultation As we have done in the past for multi-year documents, Massport has requested EEA’s consideration of an extended public comment period for this EDR. Based on this request, the public comment period will begin on November 23, 2022, the publication date of the next MEPA Environmental Monitor , and will end on January 6, 2023. The distribution list included as Appendix D indicates which listed parties will receive a digital and/or printed copy of this EDR or notice of availability. As with the recent EDRs Secretary Bethany A. Card Page 3 November 15, 2022 and other Massport environmental filings, this EDR is presented in its entirety on Massport’s website ( http://www.massport.com/massport/about-massport/project-environmental-filings/ ). The Executive Summary is translated into Spanish, and is available in other languages upon request by contacting Brad Washburn at (617) 568-3546 or bwashburn@massport.com . A public consultation session on the 2020/2021 EDR will be held on December 15, 2022. Meeting details will also be available in the Environmental Monitor and on Massport’s website . Additional copies of the 2020/2021 EDR may be obtained by calling (617) 568-3546 or emailing bwashburn@massport.com during the public comment period. We look forward to your review of this document and to consultation with the MEPA Office and other reviewers. Please feel free to contact me at sdalzell@massport.com , if you have any questions. Sincerely, Massachusetts Port Authority Stewart Dalzell, Deputy Director Environmental Planning & Permitting, Strategic & Business Planning Department cc: J. Barrera, F. Leo, A. Coppola, C. McDonald, B. Washburn/Massport Secretary Bethany A. Card Page 4 November 15, 2022 This Page Intentionally Left Blank. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Table of Contents i Table of Contents 1 Introduction/Executive Summary....................................................................... 1-1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................1-1 Logan Airport Environmental Review Process.........................................................................1-5 Logan Airport Planning Context ...................................................................................................1-8 Passenger and Aircraft Activity Growth at Logan Airport...................................................1-8 Logan Airport Activity Levels are Closely Tied to the Regional and National Economy .............................................................................................................................................. 1-11 Massport Investment in Logan Airport ................................................................................... 1-15 2020 and 2021 Highlights and Key Findings ........................................................................ 1-15 Organization of the 2020/2021 EDR ........................................................................................ 1-37 1 Introducción/Resumen Ejectivo (Spanish Executive Summary) ...................... 1-1 2 Activity Levels....................................................................................................... 2-1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................2-1 National and Local Aviation Trends ............................................................................................2-4 Forecast Status .....................................................................................................................................2-8 2022 ESPR Forecast Methodology ...............................................................................................2-9 Air Passenger Levels in 2020 and 2021 ................................................................................... 2-10 Aircraft Operation Levels in 2020 and 2021 .......................................................................... 2-15 Airline Passenger Service in 2020 and 2021 ......................................................................... 2-22 Cargo Activity Levels in 2020 and 2021 .................................................................................. 2-30 3 Airport Planning ................................................................................................... 3-1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3-1 Ground Transportation and Parking Planning ........................................................................ 3- 7 Terminal Area Planning ................................................................................................................. 3- 14 Airside Planning ................................................................................................................................ 3- 18 Service Area Planning .................................................................................................................... 3- 21 Airport Buffer Areas and Open Space Planning ................................................................ .. 3- 26 Net Zero and Resiliency Planning ............................................................................................. 3- 31 4 Regional Transportation ...................................................................................... 4-1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................4-3 New England Regional Airports ....................................................................................................4-3 Strong Regional Economy Contributes to Growth Recovery at Logan Airport .........4-5 New England Regional Trends ................................................................................................... 4-11 Worcester Regional Airport (ORH) ........................................................................................... 4-20 Hanscom Field (BED) ...................................................................................................................... 4-23 Bradley International Airport (BDL) .......................................................................................... 4-25 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Table of Contents ii Rhode Island T.F. Green International Airport (PVD) ......................................................... 4-26 Manchester-Boston Regional Airport (MHT) ........................................................................ 4-27 Portland International Jetport (PWM) ..................................................................................... 4-28 Burlington International Airport (BTV) .................................................................................... 4-28 Bangor International Airport (BGR) .......................................................................................... 4-29 Tweed-New Haven Airport (HVN) ............................................................................................. 4-30 Portsmouth International Airport (PSM) ................................................................................ 4-30 Local and Regional Long-Range Transportation Planning ............................................. 4-31 5 Ground Access to and from Logan Airport ........................................................ 5-1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................5-3 Ground Transportation Modes of Access to Logan Airport ..............................................5-4 2020/2021 On-Airport Vehicle Traffic: Volumes and Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)5-6 2020/2021 Ground Transportation Ridership and Activity Levels ................................ 5-10 2020 and 2021 Parking Conditions .......................................................................................... 5-20 Ground Access Initiatives.............................................................................................................. 5-28 Ground Access Goals...................................................................................................................... 5-32 6 Noise Abatement ................................................................................................. 6-1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................6-3 Noise Metrics........................................................................................................................................6-4 Regulatory Framework......................................................................................................................6-5 Noise Modeling Process ..................................................................................................................6-6 Noise Model Inputs ...........................................................................................................................6-7 Noise Levels in 2020 and 2021 ................................................................................................... 6-28 Supplemental Metrics .................................................................................................................... 6-41 Noise Abatement Efforts............................................................................................................... 6-48 7 Air Quality/Emissions Reduction ........................................................................ 7-1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................7-3 Regulatory Framework......................................................................................................................7-5 Assessment Methodology ............................................................................................................ 7-10 Emissions Inventory in 2020 and 2021 .................................................................................... 7-15 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Assessment ........................................................................................ 7-35 Air Quality Emissions Reduction ................................................................................................ 7-46 Air Quality Management Goals .................................................................................................. 7-47 Updates on Other Air Quality Efforts ....................................................................................... 7-52 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Table of Contents iii 8 Environmental Compliance and Management/ Water Quality ........................ 8-1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................8-2 Logan Airport Sustainability Management Plan (SMP) .......................................................8-4 Water Quality and Stormwater Management in 2020 and 2021.....................................8-5 Fuel Use and Spills in 2020 and 2021 ...................................................................................... 8-10 Tank Management Program ....................................................................................................... 8-11 Site Assessment and Remediation ............................................................................................ 8-13 9 Environmentally Beneficial Measures and Project Mitigation Tracking ......... 9-1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................9-1 Environmentally Beneficial Measures .........................................................................................9-2 Projects with Ongoing Mitigation ................................................................................................9-7 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Table of Contents iv List of Appendices MEPA Appendices Appendix A – MEPA Certificates and Responses to Comments Appendix B – Comment Letters and Responses Appendix C – Proposed Scope for the 2022 ESPR Appendix D – Distribution Technical Appendices (Printed copies available upon request) Appendix E – Activity Levels Appendix F – Regional Transportation Appendix G – Ground Access Appendix H – Noise Abatement Appendix I – Air Quality/Emissions Reduction Appendix J – Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality Appendix K – Peak Period Pricing Monitoring Reports Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Table of Contents v List of Tables Table No. Description Page 1-1 Logan Airport Sustainability Goals and Descriptions ................................ 1-30 1-2 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport ..................................................................................... 1-32 2-1 Air Passenger by Market Segment, 1990, 1998, 2000, 2010, and 2015-2021 ................................................................................................................... 2-13 2-2 Logan Airport Aircraft Operations (1990, 1998, 2000, 2010, and 2015-2021) ................................................................................................................. 2-17 2-3 Air Passengers and Aircraft Operations, 2000, 2010, 2013-2021 ......... 2-21 2-4 Scheduled Domestic Air Passenger Operations by Airline Category, 2000, 2010, 2015-2021 .......................................................................................... 2-25 2-5 Scheduled International Passenger Operations by Market Segment, 2000, 2010, 2015-2021 .......................................................................................... 2-29 2-6 Cargo and Mail Operations and Volume, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2015-2021 ................................................................................................................... 2-33 3-1 Logan Airport Short- and Long-Term Planning Initiatives ........................ 3-4 3-2 Description and Status of Airport Ground Access Projects/Planning Concepts (September 30, 2022)......................................................................... 3-12 3-3 Description and Status of Projects/Planning Concepts in the Terminal Area (September 30, 2022) ............................................................... 3-16 3-4 Description and Status of Projects/Planning Concepts on the Airside (September 30, 2022) .............................................................................. 3-20 3-5 Description and Status of Projects/Planning Concepts in the Service Areas (September 30, 2022)................................................................. 3-25 3-6 Description and Status of Airport Edge Buffer Projects/Open Space (September 30, 2022) ............................................................................................. 3-29 4-1 Population of Logan Airport Primary Catchment Area, 1990-2021....... 4-7 4-2 Passenger Activity at New England Regional Airports and Logan Airport (2000, 2010, 2015-2021 ......................................................................... 4-14 4-3 Aircraft Operations by Classification for New England’s Airports (2019, 2020, 2021) .................................................................................................. 4-17 5-1 Logan Airport Gateways: Annual Average Daily Traffic, 2011, 2017–2021 .................................................................................................................... 5-9 5-2 Airport Study Area Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) for Airport- Related Traffic, 2011, 2017-2021 ....................................................................... 5-10 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Table of Contents vi Table No. Description Page 5-3 Annual Ridership and Activity Levels on Logan Express, MBTA, and Water Transportation Services, 2011, 2017–2021....................................... 5-11 5-4 Other Scheduled and Unscheduled HOV Modes: Scheduled Buses, Shared-Ride Vans, Courtesy Vehicles, and Black Car Limousines, 2011, 2017–2021 ............................................................................. 5-17 5-5 On-Airport Commercial Parking Rates, 2019 versus 2021 ...................... 5-26 5-6 Massport RideApp Management Plan ............................................................ 5-29 5-7 Long-Term Parking Management Plan Elements and Progress ........... 5-30 5-8 Ground Access Planning Goals and Progress (2020/2021) ..................... 5-32 6-1 Modeled Average Daily Operations by Commercial and General Aviation (GA) Aircraft ............................................................................................... 6-9 6-2 Example Stage 3, Stage 4, and Stage 5 Aircraft Types Operating at Logan Airport ............................................................................................................ 6-11 6-3 Percentage of Commercial Jet Operations by 14 CFR Part 36 Stage Category ...................................................................................................................... 6-12 6-4 Modeled Nighttime Operations (10:00 PM to 7:00 AM) at Logan Airport Per Night...................................................................................................... 6-13 6-5 Summary of Annual Jet Aircraft Runway Use ............................................... 6-17 6-6 Effective Jet Aircraft Runway Use in Comparison to Preferential Runway Advisory System (PRAS) Goals .......................................................... 6-19 6-7 Population Exposed to DNL 65 dB or Greater, by Community ............. 6-35 6-8 Comparison of Measured Aircraft Noise Levels (DNL) From 2019 to 2021............................................................................................................................... 6-38 6-9 Comparison of Measured Aircraft DNL Values to AEDT Modeled DNL Values ................................................................................................................. 6-40 6-10 Cumulative Noise Index (CNI) (EPNdB) ........................................................... 6-42 6-11 Representative Neighborhoods near Logan Airport Subject to Overflights .................................................................................................................. 6-43 6-12 Time Above (TA) dBA Thresholds in a 24-Hour Period for Average Day ................................................................................................................................. 6-46 6-13 Time Above (TA) dBA Thresholds in a Nine Hour Night Period for Average Day ............................................................................................................... 6-47 6-14 Airline Operations Percentages in Original Stage 3 or Equivalent Stage 4/5 Aircraft (2019 to 2021) ..................................................................... 6-51 6-15 Noise Complaint Line Summary ........................................................................ 6-54 6-16 Noise Abatement Management Plan .............................................................. 6-63 7-1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) ....................................... 7-6 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Table of Contents vii Table No. Description Page 7-2 Attainment/Maintenance/Nonattainment Designations for the Boston Metropolitan Area ...................................................................................... 7-7 7-3 State Implementation Plans (SIPs) for the Boston Metropolitan Area . 7-9 7-4 AEDT 3c and AEDT 3d Aircraft Emissions Inventory Comparison ........ 7-12 7-5 Total Emissions Inventory Comparison, 2019, 2020 and 2021 .............. 7-16 7-6 Estimated VOC Emissions (in kg/day) at Logan Airport, 1990, 2000, and 2010-2021 .......................................................................................................... 7-19 7-7 Estimated NOX Emissions (in kg/day) at Logan Airport, 1990, 2000, and 2010-2021 ............................................................................................................................................................... 7-24 7-8 Example Stage 3, Stage 4, and Stage 5 Aircraft Types Operating at Logan Airport ............................................................................................................ 7-26 7-9 Estimated CO Emissions (in kg/day) at Logan Airport, 1990, 2000, and 2010-2021 .......................................................................................................... 7-29 7-10 Estimated PM10/PM2.5 Emissions (in kg/day) at Logan Airport, 2010-2021 ................................................................................................................... 7-32 7-11 Emission Sources by Scope.................................................................................. 7-39 7-12 Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) Inventory (in MT of CO2e) by Scope at Logan Airport, 2020 ..................................... 7-40 7-13 Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) Inventory (in MT of CO2e) by Scope at Logan Airport, 2021 ...................................... 7-41 7-14 Comparison of Estimated Total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions (MT of CO2e) by Scope at Logan Airport – 2018 through 2021 .......... 7-42 7-15 Massport’s Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Fleet Inventory at Logan Airport .......................................................................................................................... 7-47 7-16 Air Quality Management Strategy Status....................................................... 7-48 8-1 Progress Report for Environmental Compliance and Management ..... 8-3 8-2 Stormwater Outfalls Subject to NPDES Permit Requirements ................. 8-6 8-3 Logan Airport Oil and Hazardous Material Spills and Jet Fuel Handling ...................................................................................................................... 8-11 8-4 Status of Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP) Active Sites at Logan Airport ............................................................................................................ 8-15 9-1 West Garage Project Status Report (EEA #9790) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of September 30, 2022) ................ 9-11 9-2 Alternative Fuel Program — Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures for the West Garage Project (as of September 30, 2022) .............................................................................................. 9-19 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Table of Contents viii Table No. Description Page 9-3 International Gateway Project Status Report (EEA #9791) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of September 30, 2022) .............................................................................................. 9-23 9-4 Replacement Terminal A Project Status Report (EEA #12096) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of September 30, 2022) .............................................................................................. 9-26 9-5 Logan Airside Improvements Planning Project (EEA #1045) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of September 30, 2022) .............................................................................................. 9-31 9-6 Southwest Service Area (SWSA) Redevelopment Program (EEA #14137) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of September 30, 2022) .................................................................................. 9-37 9-7 Logan Airport Runway Safety Area Improvement Program (EEA # 14442) Section 61 Mitigation Commitments to be Implemented (as of September 30, 2022) ..................................................... 9-41 9-8 Terminal E Modernization Project (EEA #15434) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of September 30, 2022) ................ 9-44 9-9 Logan Airport Parking Project (EEA #15665) Details of Ongoing Section 61 Mitigation Measures (as of September 30, 2022) ................................ 9-50 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Table of Contents ix List of Figures Figure No. Description Page 1-1 Logan Airport Recovery Pattern from External Shock Events .................. 1-2 1-2 Seven Day Average Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Throughput at U.S. Airports, 2019 through 2021 ......................................... 1-3 1-3 January 2020 to December 2021 Monthly TSA Throughput Compared to 2019 .................................................................................................... 1-3 1-4 Aerial View of Logan Airport ................................................................................. 1-9 1-5 Logan Airport and Environs ................................................................................. 1-10 1-6 Logan Airport Annual Passenger Levels and Aircraft Operations (1990-2021) ................................................................................................................ 1-11 1-7 Total Economic Impact of Massport Airports ............................................... 1-13 1-8 LEED-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport ...................................................... 1-31 1-9 Parks Owned and Operated by Massport and City of Boston ............... 1-36 2-1 Seven Day Average TSA Throughput at U.S. Airports, 2019 through 2021................................................................................................................................. 2-5 2-2 January 2020 to December 2021 Monthly TSA Throughput Compared to 2019 .................................................................................................... 2-5 2-3 Low-Cost and Ultra Low-Cost Carriers Share of Total U.S. Domestic Seats, from 2017-2021............................................................................................. 2-6 2-4 Low-Cost and Ultra Low-Cost Carriers Share of Logan Airport Domestic Seats, from 2017-2021 ........................................................................ 2-7 2-5 Unfilled Aircraft Deliveries to U.S. Airlines as of March 2022................... 2-8 2-6 Logan Airport Recovery Pattern from External Shock Events .................. 2-9 2-7 Annual Passengers at Logan Airport Served by Top Airlines, 2000–2021 .................................................................................................................. 2-12 2-8 Distribution of Logan Airport Passengers by Market Segment, 2020-2021 ................................................................................................................... 2-14 2-9 Logan Airport 2020 and 2021 Aircraft Operations by Type.................... 2-15 2-10 Logan Airport Annual Passenger Levels and Aircraft Operations (1990-2021) ................................................................................................................ 2-18 2-11 Passenger Aircraft Operations at Logan Airport by Aircraft Type, 2000-2021 ................................................................................................................... 2-19 2-12 Passengers per Aircraft Operation and Aircraft Load Factors, 2000-2021 ................................................................................................................... 2-20 2-13 Aircraft Operations at Logan Airport by Aircraft Class, 2000-2021 ..... 2-22 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Table of Contents x Figure No. Description Page 2-14 Domestic Non-Stop Large Jet Markets Served from Logan Airport, 2020 and 2021 .......................................................................................................... 2-26 2-15 Domestic Non-Stop Regional Jet and Non-Jet Markets Served from Logan Airport, 2020 and 2021 ............................................................................ 2-27 2-16 International Non-Stop Markets Served from Logan Airport, 2020 and 2021 .................................................................................. 2-30 2-17 Cargo Carriers – Share of Logan Airport Cargo Volume, 2020 and 2021 .................................................................................. 2-31 3-1 Ground-Access Mode Choice Hierarchy (Based on Vehicle Trips Per Passenger) .................................................................................................................... 3-9 3-2 Location of Airport Ground Access Projects/Planning Concepts ......... 3-11 3-3 Location of Projects/Planning Concepts in the Terminal Area .............. 3-15 3-4 Location of Projects/Planning Concepts on the Airside ........................... 3-19 3-5 Logan Airport Service Areas ................................................................................ 3-23 3-6 Location of Project/Planning Concepts in the Service Areas ................. 3-24 3-7 Parks Operated by Massport and City of Boston........................................ 3-27 3-8 Location of Airport Buffer Projects/Open Space ......................................... 3-28 4-1 New England Regional Transportation System – 2021 Passenger and Operations Activity Levels at the 11 Commercial Service Airports 4-4 4-2 Boston Logan International Airport Catchment Area.................................. 4-6 4-3 Logan Airport Primary Catchment Area Population Growth, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020, 2021 ............................................................................................ 4-7 4-4 Unemployment Rate Comparison: U.S., Massachusetts, and Boston Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), 2010–2021 (Annual-basis) ............ 4-9 4-5 Total Economic Impact of Massport Airports (2019) ................................. 4-11 4-6 Passenger Activity at Logan Airport and Regional Airports in 2019, 2020, and 2021 ......................................................................................................... 4-12 4-7 Logan Airport’s and Regional Airports’ Share of New England Passengers, 1995-2021 .......................................................................................... 4-13 4-8 Passenger Activity Levels at Logan Airport (BOS), Rhode Island T.F. Green International Airport (PVD), Manchester-Boston Regional (MHT), and Worcester Regional (ORH) Airports, 1995, 2000-2021 ..... 4-15 4-9 Passenger Activity at Worcester Regional Airport, 2013–2021 ............. 4-21 5-1 Ground Access Mode Choice Hierarchy ........................................................... 5-5 5-2 Logan Airport Roadway Network ........................................................................ 5-7 5-3 Logan Express Bus Service Locations, Routes, and 2020/2021 Ridership ..................................................................................................................... 5-12 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Table of Contents xi Figure No. Description Page 5-4 Public Transportation Options ........................................................................... 5-15 5-5 Annual Rental Car Transactions at Logan Airport, 2010–2021 .............. 5-18 5-6 Annual Taxi Dispatches at Logan Airport, 2010-2021 ............................... 5-19 5-7 Annual RideApp Transactions at Logan Airport, 2017-2021 .................. 5-19 5-8 Allocation of On-Airport Parking Spaces ....................................................... 5-21 5-9 Commercial Parking: Weekly Peak Daily Occupancy, 2020 .................... 5-22 5-10 Commercial Parking: Weekly Peak Daily Occupancy, 2021 .................... 5-23 5-11 Demand for Parking: Number of Weeks per Calendar Year with High Daily Parking Demand ......................................................................................................... 5-24 5-12 2020 and 2021 Parking Demand and Capacity............................................ 5-24 5-13 Parking Exits by Length of Stay (Parking Duration) ................................... 5-25 6-1 Fleet Mix of Commercial Operations (Passenger and Cargo) at Logan Airport ............................................................................................................ 6-10 6-2 Logan Airport Average Hourly Operations, 2019 – 2021 ........................ 6-14 6-3 Logan Airport Runways ......................................................................................... 6-15 6-4 Air Carrier Departure Flight Tracks ................................................................... 6-21 6-5 Air Carrier Arrival Flight Tracks ........................................................................... 6-22 6-6 Regional Jet Departure Flight Tracks ............................................................... 6-23 6-7 Regional Jet Arrival Tracks ................................................................................... 6-24 6-8 Non-Jet Departure Flight Tracks ........................................................................ 6-25 6-9 Non-Jet Arrival Tracks ............................................................................................ 6-26 6-10 Runway 33L Night (10PM – 7AM) Light Visual Approach Arrival Flight Tracks ............................................................................................................... 6-27 6-11 Reason for Changes in Number of People Exposed to Day-Night Average Sound Level (DNL) Values Greater than or Equal to 65 dB (2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2021) ...................................................................... 6-28 6-12 Comparison between 2019, 2020, and 2021 DNL 65 dB Contours ..... 6-30 6-13 60-75 DNL Contours for 2020 Operations Using AEDT 3d ..................... 6-32 6-14 60-75 DNL Contours for 2021 Operations Using AEDT 3d ..................... 6-33 6-15 Comparison between 1990, 2019, 2020, and 2021 DNL 65 dB Contours ...................................................................................................................... 6-34 6-16 Noise Monitor Locations ...................................................................................... 6-37 6-17 Comparison of Annual Hours of Dwell Exceedance by Runway End .. 6-44 6-18 Comparison of Annual Hours of Persistence Exceedance by Runway End ................................................................................................................................. 6-45 6-19 Vortex Generator Device by Port on Wing .................................................... 6-55 6-20 Massport Request to FAA for Block 1 Recommendations ...................... 6-58 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Table of Contents xii Figure No. Description Page 6-21 Massport Request to FAA for Block 2 Recommendations ...................... 6-59 7-1 Modeled Emissions of VOCs at Logan Airport, 1990, 2000, 2010-2021 ................................................................................................................... 7-17 7-2 Sources of VOC Emissions, 2020 and 2021 ................................................... 7-18 7-3 Modeled Emissions of NOX at Logan Airport, 1990, 2000, and 2010-2021 ................................................................................................................... 7-22 7-4 Sources of NOX Emissions, 2020 and 2021 ................................................... 7-22 7-5 Modeled Emissions of CO at Logan Airport, 1990, 2000, and 2010-2021 ................................................................................................................... 7-28 7-6 Sources of CO Emissions, 2020 and 2021 ...................................................... 7-28 7-7 Modeled Emissions of PM10/PM2.5 at Logan Airport, 2010-2021 .......... 7-33 7-8 Sources of PM10/PM2.5 Emissions, 2020 and 2021 ...................................... 7-33 7-9 Sources of GHG Emissions by Scope, 2020 and 2021 ............................... 7-38 7-10 Estimated Building Energy Use Intensity (kBTU/Square Foot), FY 2007-2021............................................................................................................. 7-44 7-11 Estimated Building GHG Emissions (lbs CO2e) per Square Foot, FY 2007-2021............................................................................................................. 7-44 7-12 FY 2020 Building Energy Sources ...................................................................... 7-45 7-13 FY 2020 Estimated Building GHG Emission Sources .................................. 7-45 7-14 FY 2021 Building Energy Sources ...................................................................... 7-45 7-15 FY 2021 Estimated Building GHG Emission Sources .................................. 7-45 8-1 Logan Airport Outfalls ............................................................................................. 8-7 8-2 Massachusetts Contingency Plan Sites (Active) ........................................... 8-14 9-1 West Garage Project ............................................................................................... 9-10 9-2 International Gateway Project ............................................................................ 9-22 9-3 Replacement Terminal A Project ....................................................................... 9-25 9-4 Logan Airside Improvements .............................................................................. 9-30 9-5 Runway End Safety Improvements ................................................................... 9-40 9-6 Terminal E Modernization Project ..................................................................... 9-43 9-7 Logan Airport Parking Project ............................................................................ 9-49 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Acronyms i Acronyms This section provides a list of acronyms and abbreviations that are found in the 2020/2021 EDR . A AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic ACA Airport Carbon Accreditation Program ACI-NA Airports Council International – North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act AEDT Aviation Environmental Design Tool AFV Alternative Fuel Vehicle ALP Airport Layout Plan APU Auxiliary Power Unit ARP American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 ARFF Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting ARR Arrivals ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ASCENT Aviation Sustainability Center ASPM Aviation System Performance Metrics AST Aboveground Storage Tanks ATMS Automated Traffic Monitoring System AUL Activity and Use Limitation AWDT Annual Average Weekday Daily Traffic AWEDT Annual Average Weekend Daily Traffic A4A Airlines for America B BADA Base of aircraft data BC Black Carbon BDL Bradley International Airport, CT airport code BED Hanscom Field, MA airport code BGR Bangor International Airport, ME airport code BIF Bird Island Flats BLANS Boston Logan Airport Noise Study BMP Best Management Practice BOS Boston Logan International Airport, MA airport code BPDA Boston Planning & Development Agency BRT Bus Rapid Transit BTV Burlington International Airport, VT airport code BWSC Boston Water and Sewer Commission C CA/T Central Artery/Tunnel Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Acronyms ii CAA Clean Air Act CAA Connecticut Airport Authority CAC Community Advisory Committee CACES Center for Air Climate and Energy Solutions CACI Clean Air Construction Initiative CAEP Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate CARES Act Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act CAT III Category III (instrument landing system) CBP U.S. Customs and Border Protection CEDDS Complete Economic and Demographic Data Source CFC Chlorofluorocarbon CFR Code of Federal Regulations CEO Chief Executive Officer CH4 Methane CIP Capital Improvement Plan CMR Code of Massachusetts Regulations CNG Compressed Natural Gas CNI Cumulative Noise Index CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide CO2eq CO2 equivalents CONEG Conference of New England Governors ConnDOT Connecticut Department of Transportation COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease CORSIA Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation CRO Converging Runway Operations CTPS Central Transportation Planning Staff CY Calendar Year D dB Decibel dBA A-weighted decibel DEIR Draft Environmental Impact Report DEP Departures DERA Diesel Emission Reduction Act DFS Department of Fire Services DIRP Disaster and Infrastructure Resiliency Planning Study DNL Day-Night Average Sound Level DPH Department of Public Health DOT U.S. Department of Transportation E EA Environmental Assessment EAS Essential Air Service EDR Environmental Data Report EDMS Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System EEA Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs eGSE Electric Ground Service Equipment EIR Environmental Impact Report EIS Environmental Impact Statement EJ Environmental Justice Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Acronyms iii EMAS Engineered Materials Arresting System EMS Environmental Management System ENF Environmental Notification Form EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPNL Effective Perceived Noise Level EPNdB Effective Perceived Noise Level (in decibels) ESMF Equipment Storage and Maintenance Facility ESPR Environmental Status and Planning Report EV Electric Vehicle F FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAR Federal Aviation Regulation FBO Fixed Base Operator FDS Fuel Distribution System FEIR Final Environmental Impact Report FIS Federal Inspection Services FOA First Order Approximation FONSI Finding of No Significant Impact FRA Federal Railroad Administration FY Fiscal Year G GA General Aviation GAO Government Accounting Office GDP Gross Domestic Product GEIR Generic Environmental Impact Report GFC Global Financial Crisis GHG Greenhouse Gas GIS Geographic Information Systems gpm gallons per minute GPS Global Positioning System GSA General Services Administration GSE Ground Service Equipment GTOC Ground Transportation Operations Center GUI Graphic user interface GWP Global Warming Potential GWSA Global Warming Solutions Act H HAPS Hazardous Air Pollutants HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon HOV High Occupancy Vehicle HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning HVN Tweed New Haven Airport, CT airport code Hz Hertz (unit of frequency) I IATA International Air Transport Association ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ILS Instrument Landing System INM Integrated Noise Model IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Acronyms iv IRA Immediate Response Action ISA Inclined Safety Area ISO International Organization for Standardization J JFK John F. Kennedy International Airport, NY airport code JOC Joint Operations Center K kBTU Thousand British Thermal Units kg Kilogram kWh Kilowatt-hours L lbs Pounds LCC Low-Cost Carriers LDMS Logan Dispersion Modeling System LED Light-Emitting Diode LEED® Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LIAG Logan Impact Advisory Group LOC Logan Office Center LRTP Long-Range Transportation Plan LTO Landing and Takeoff M M.G.L. Massachusetts General Laws MA Massachusetts MAPC Metropolitan Area Planning Council MassBio Massachusetts Biotechnology Council MassCEC Massachusetts Clean Energy Center MassDEP Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection MassDMF Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries MassDOT Massachusetts Department of Transportation Massport Massachusetts Port Authority MBTA Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority MCO Orlando International Airport, FL airport code MCP Massachusetts Contingency Plan MEPA Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act MHT Manchester-Boston Regional Airport, NH airport code MI Major Infrastructure MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MMT Million Metric Tons MOA Memorandum of Agreement MOU Memorandum of Understanding MOVES Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization mph Miles per hour MT Metric tons N NA Not Available NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NCA North Cargo Area NCI Noise Complaint Initiative Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Acronyms v NEA Northeast Alliance NEC Northeast Corridor NEG/ECP Conference of New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers NEM Noise Exposure Map NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NERASP New England Regional Airport System Plan NHESP Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program NO2 Nitrogen dioxide NOMS Noise and Operations Monitoring System NOx Nitrogen oxides NPC Notice of Project Change NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NPSI Noise Per Seat Index NSA North Service Area N2O Nitrous oxide O O3 Ozone ORH Worcester Regional Airport, MA airport code OTR Ozone Transport Region O&D Origin and Destination P PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PARC Parking and Revenue Control PARTNER Partnership for Air Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction PATCO Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization Pb Lead PBN Performance-Based Navigation PCA Pre-Conditioned Air PM Particulate Matter (e.g., PM10, PM2.5) PMO Project Management Office ppm Parts per million PPA Power Purchase Agreement PPE Personal protective equipment PRAS Preferential Runway Advisory System PSM Portsmouth International Airport at Pease, NH airport code PSP Payroll Support Program PVD T.F. Green Airport, Warwick RI airport code PWM Portland International Jetport, ME airport code Q QTA Quick Turnaround Areas R RACT Reasonably Available Control Technology RAM Release Abatement Measure RAO Response Action Outcome RCC Rental Car Center REC Renewable Energy Credit RFI Request for Information RFP Request for Proposals RIAC Rhode Island Airport Corporation Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Acronyms vi RideApp Ride Application such as Uber or Lyft RIDOT Rhode Island Department of Transportation RIM Runway Incursion Mitigation RJ Regional Jet RNAV Area Navigation RNP Required Navigation Performance ROD Record of Decision RON Remain Over Night RPZ Runway Protection Zone RSA Runway Safety Area RSIP Residential Sound Insulation Program RTC Regional Transportation Center RTN Release Tracking Number S SAF Sustainable Aviation Fuel SAFE Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Rule SCA South Cargo Area SDSG Sustainable Design Standards and Guidelines SID Standard Instrument Departure SIP State Implementation Plan SL1 Silver Line Bus SMART Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target Program SMP Sustainability Management Plan SOG Speciated Organic Gases SOV Single Occupancy Vehicle SO2 Sulfur dioxide SPCC Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan SPL Sound Pressure Level SRE Snow Removal Equipment STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan SWSA Southwest Service Area T TA Time Above TAA Tenant Alteration Application TAC Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) TAF Terminal Area Forecast TDM Transportation Demand Management TIM Time-in-Mode TMA Transportation Management Association TNC Transportation Network Company, also known as RideApp tpy Tons per year TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration TSP Total Suspended Particles TSS Total Suspended Solids U UAS Unmanned Aircraft Systems UFP Ultrafine Particles Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Acronyms vii ULCC Ultra Low-Cost Carriers USC United States Code USGBC U.S. Green Building Council UST Underground Storage Tank V VALE Voluntary Airport Low Emissions Program VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled VNM Virtual Noise Monitors VOC Volatile Organic Compounds VW Volkswagen W WET Whole Effluent Toxicity WHO World Health Organization Other μ g /m 3 Micrograms of pollutant per cubic meter μm Micrometers Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Acronyms vii This Page Intentionally Left Blank. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-1 1 Introduction/Executive Summary Introduction The Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) is continuing its over four-decade practice of providing an extensive record of Boston Logan International Airport (Logan Airport or Airport) environmental trends, facility planning, operations and passenger levels, and Massport’s mitigation commitments in this Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 Environmental Data Report (EDR) . Per the request of the Secretary of the Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs (EEA), this 2020/2021 EDR combines data and analysis for calendar years 2020 and 2021. This EDR reports on 2020 and 2021, reflecting the significant changes at Logan Airport and throughout the aviation industry occurring as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Where available, Massport has included relevant updates through fall 2022 where the current conditions have resulted in changes in projects or programs that were in place in 2019 and prior. By year-end 2020, total flight operations were down approximately 50 percent and passenger levels were down by about 70 percent compared to year-end 2019, dropping to levels of activity not seen since the 1970s. However, aircraft operations increased in 2021, with total flight operations and passenger levels recovering to approximately 62 percent and 53 percent, respectively, of 2019 levels, showing a gradual return towards 2019 levels. Air traffic declines caused by economic recessions and other “shocks” such as the events of September 11, 2001 and the Great Recession (Global Financial Crisis [GFC]) in 2008/2009 have been followed by gradual recovery cycles, as depicted in Figure 1-1 , evidenced by a five year recovery after the events of September 11, 2001 and a three year recovery after the GFC. Nationally, as shown in Figure 1-2 , 80 percent recovery to 2019 demand levels occurred in July 2021 as travel restrictions loosened and vaccines were made widely available. In December 2021, passenger demand at U.S. airports recovered to approximately 83 percent of 2019 levels. Much of the remaining recovery will be dependent on the return of both business travel and international travel, since domestic capacity across the U.S. has almost fully returned to 2019 levels. Full recovery will also be influenced by airline staffing. As shown in Figure 1-3 , demand in Boston, while nearing a 70 percent return to 2019 levels in late 2021, has lagged behind national demand by between 10 and 15 percent. This aligns with recovery patterns in other coastal urban markets where business travel and international travel have been slower to return to pre-pandemic levels. International passenger activity levels at Logan Airport are expected to return in 2022 and beyond. COVID-19 is having an unprecedented impact on not just the aviation industry but the global economy. While the immediate and most pressing concern is human cost, COVID-19 has created profound implications for nearly all businesses and industries. The impact on aviation has been particularly severe. The situation is changing on a daily basis and there remains considerable uncertainty as to the near- and long-term impacts of the pandemic. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-2 Source: Massport. Notes: Logan Airport terminal (left) and baggage claim area (right) during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of this significant reduction in Airport activity and dramatic reduction in revenues, both Massport, the airlines, and other tenants necessarily adjusted and scaled back their operations in 2020 and 2021. In response, a number of Airport projects and programs have been revised and pushed back. To be as transparent as possible, Chapter 3, Airport Planning includes the most current project updates through September 2022. Forthcoming EDRs and Environmental Status and Planning Reports (ESPRs) will continue to provide updates, as available. Overall, Massport continues to evaluate and plan for the recovery of aircraft operations and air passenger activity and remains committed to implementing the broad range of environmental and operating strategies designed to reduce the impacts associated with Airport operations. Figure 1-1 Logan Airport Recovery Pattern from External Shock Events Source: InterVISTAS; Massport traffic statistics. GFC - Global Financial Crisis (Great Recession). 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Millions 9/11 GFC COVID-19 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-3 Figure 1-2: Seven Day Average Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Throughput at U.S. Airports, 2019 through 2021 Source: TSA Daily Reports. Figure 1-3: January 2020 to December 2021 Monthly TSA Throughput Compared to 2019 Source: TSA Daily Reports. -100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% Logan Airport Nation 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 Millions 2021 2020 2019 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-4 Logan Airport, owned and operated by Massport, plays a key role in the metropolitan Boston and New England passenger and freight transportation networks; it is the primary airport serving the Boston metropolitan area, the principal New England airport for long-haul services, and a major U.S. international gateway airport for transatlantic services. The Airport boundary encompasses about 2,400 acres in East Boston and Winthrop, including about 700 acres in Boston Harbor. Logan Airport’s airfield comprises six runways, about 15 miles of taxiway, and about 240 acres of concrete and asphalt apron. Logan Airport has four interconnected passenger terminals (Terminals A, B, C, and E), each with its own ticketing, baggage claim, and ground transportation facilities. The Airport is less than a three-mile drive from downtown Boston and is accessible by public transit lines, several direct bus lines, and a well-connected roadway system. Massport provides Logan Express bus service to and from Logan Airport for air passengers and employees from a series of park-and-ride lots. This 2020/2021 EDR is one in a series of annual environmental review documents submitted to the Secretary of EEA, in accordance with the Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act (MEPA). 1 Since 1979, Massport has submitted these documents to report on the cumulative environmental effects of Logan Airport’s operations and activities. Logan Airport is the first airport in the nation for which an annual environmental assessment on airport activities was prepared, and Massport continues to be a leader in environmental reporting. Approximately every five years, Massport prepares an ESPR, which provides a historical and prospective view of Logan Airport. EDRs, prepared annually in the intervals between ESPRs, provide a historical review of environmental conditions for the reporting year compared to the previous year. This 2020/2021 EDR follows the 2018/2019 EDR which reported on 2018 and 2019 conditions. The last ESPR used 2017 as its base year. While Massport and the entire aviation industry continue to adjust to the evolving operating conditions, we continue to evaluate the pandemic’s current and future impacts. Where possible, this EDR includes relevant information and updates. However, more detailed projections and analyses will be addressed in the forthcoming 2022 ESPR . At the request of the Secretary following her review of the 2018/2019 EDR , Massport was directed to prepare this combined 2020/2021 EDR and its scope was established by the Secretary‘s Certificate on the 2018/2019 EDR dated March 19, 2021, which is included in Appendix A, MEPA Certificates and Responses to Comments . This EDR fulfills all requirements laid out in the Secretary’s Certificate on the 2018/2019 EDR , includes responses to comments on the Secretary’s Certificate, and updates and compares the data presented in the 2018/2019 EDR for the following subjects: 1 Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 30, Sections 61-62H. MEPA is implemented by regulations published at 301 Code of Massachusetts Regulations (CMR) 11.00 (“the MEPA Regulations”). Activity Levels (including aircraft operations, passenger activity, and cargo volumes) Airport Planning (including activities underway and upcoming projects) Air Quality/Emissions Reduction Water Quality/Environmental Compliance Logan Airport’s Role in the Regional Transportation Network Sustainability and Resiliency Ground Access to and from the Airport Environmentally Beneficial Measures and Mitigation Commitments Noise Abatement Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-5 To enhance the usefulness of this EDR as a reference document for reviewers, this report also presents historical data on the environmental conditions at Logan Airport dating back to 1990, in instances where historical information is available. When appropriate and available, this EDR also includes updates through fall 2022. This EDR includes a Spanish translation of this chapter. This translated version is included after the English version of the Executive Summary. EEA # 3247 Submitted By Massachusetts Port Authority One Harborside Drive, Suite 200S East Boston, MA 02128 Stewart Dalzell, Deputy Director - Environmental Planning & Permitting Strategic & Business Planning (617) 568-3524 Brad Washburn, Manager - Environmental Planning & Permitting Strategic & Business Planning (617) 568-3546 Logan Airport Environmental Review Process This 2020/2021 EDR is Massport’s next filing in its unique, but well-established, formal state-level environmental review process that assesses Logan Airport’s cumulative environmental impacts. The documents provide a current and historical context against which individual projects at Logan Airport meeting state and federal environmental review thresholds are evaluated on a project-specific basis. The Airport-wide and project-specific environmental review processes are described below. Historical Context for the Logan Airport EDR/ESPR Process In 1979, the Secretary of EEA issued a Certificate requiring Massport to define, evaluate, and disclose every three years the impact of long-term growth at the Airport through a Generic Environmental Impact Report (GEIR). The Certificate also required interim Annual Updates to provide data on conditions for the years between GEIRs. The GEIR evolved into an effective planning tool for Massport and provided projections of environmental conditions so that the cumulative effects of individual projects could be evaluated within a broader context. EEA eliminated GEIRs following the 1998 revisions to its MEPA regulations. However, the Secretary’s Certificate on the 1997 Annual Update 2 proposed a revised environmental review process for Logan Airport resulting in Massport’s preparation of subsequent EDRs/ESPRs. The more comprehensive ESPRs provide a long-range analysis of projected operations, passengers, and cumulative impacts, while EDRs are prepared annually to 2 Certificate of the Secretary of the Executive Office of Environmental Affairs on the Logan Airport 1997 Annual Update, issued on October 16, 1998. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-6 provide a review of environmental conditions for the reporting year compared to the previous year. The EDR/ESPR process was developed to allow individual projects at Logan Airport to be considered and analyzed in the broader, Airport-wide context. As stated in the introduction to the 1999 ESPR , “while the Logan ESPR and EDRs provide the broad planning context for projects proposed for Logan Airport and future planning concepts under consideration by Massport, no specific projects can be built solely on the basis of inclusion and discussion in the 1999 ESPR.” It continues to state that projects that meet MEPA or National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) review thresholds must undergo those processes, as needed. In short, the EDRs/ESPRs provide a cumulative planning context which complements the individual project-specific filings. In 2018 and 2019, while passenger levels experienced significant growth, reaching new peaks, aircraft operations and associated environmental effects remained well below levels previously analyzed for Logan Airport. Thus, the forecasted aviation growth presented in the 2004 ESPR , the predicate upon which the ESPR schedule was initially established, has not occurred. Accordingly, with the approval of the Secretary, Massport prepared 2009 and 2010 EDRs in lieu of the ESPR originally planned for 2009. The 2011 ESPR , filed in early 2013, reported on calendar year 2011 and updated passenger activity level and aircraft operations forecasts. The combined 2012/2013 EDR presented conditions for both calendar years 2012 and 2013. The 2014 EDR , 2015 EDR , and 2016 EDR presented conditions for calendar years 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. Similarly, with strong passenger growth and evolving ground access trends with the emerging RideApp industry (formerly referred to as transportation network companies [TNCs]), EEA allowed Massport to defer the 2016 ESPR . The 2017 ESPR provided a comprehensive, cumulative analysis of activity levels and environmental conditions for 2017 and a Future Planning Horizon. In the ESPR, Massport proposed preparation of a combined 2018/2019 EDR to report the effects of all Logan Airport activities based on actual passenger activity and aircraft operations in 2018 and 2019. As noted above, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Secretary required Massport file a combined 2020/2021 EDR to begin to evaluate post-pandemic growth trends. While this report is largely focused on 2020 and 2021, Massport has noted preliminary recovery highlights that will be further evaluated in the 2022 ESPR. Where appropriate, Massport will continue to identify and address any longer-term aviation and environmental trends in both EDRs and ESPRs. Project Specific Review While this Airport-wide review provides the broad planning context for proposed projects and future planning concepts, certain Airport projects are also subject to a project-specific, public environmental review process when they meet state environmental review thresholds. When required, Massport and Airport tenants submit Environmental Notification Forms (ENFs) and Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs) pursuant to MEPA. Similarly, where NEPA 3 environmental review is triggered, projects are reviewed under the NEPA environmental review process. Massport understands that MEPA amended its regulations under 301 CMR 11.00 as of December 24, 2021. Additionally, MEPA released the MEPA Interim Protocol on Climate Change Adaptation and Resiliency, effective for 3 42 USC Section 4321 et seq. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) implements NEPA through FAA Order 1050.1F, Environmental Impacts: Policies and Procedures, Federal Aviation Administration, United States Department of Transportation, Effective Date: July 16, 2015. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-7 all new filings as of October 1, 2021, and the MEPA Public Involvement Protocol for Environmental Justice Populations and MEPA Interim Protocol for Analysis of Project Impacts on Environmental Justice Populations, effective for all new filings as of January 1, 2022. All projects at Logan Airport that are filed with MEPA will comply with these amended regulations and protocols. Future EDRs and ESPRs will document mitigation commitments from its projects that support these updates in Chapter 9 , Environmentally Beneficial Measures and Project Mitigation Tracking . Current and potential future projects anticipated to undergo MEPA and/or NEPA review are discussed in Chapter 3, Airport Planning . 2020/2021 EDR Outreach Although EDRs and ESPRs are not projects subject to the MEPA Public Involvement Protocol for Environmental Justice Populations, Massport recognizes the importance of a robust outreach approach to ensure the public is aware of these reports and has an opportunity to review and comment. The distribution list for EDR and ESPR filings is routinely updated to include numerous organizations, residents, and agencies that have expressed interest in these reports. Additionally, this Executive Summary has and will continue to be translated in Spanish. However, in light of the MEPA Public Involvement Protocol for Environmental Justice Populations , Massport has embarked on an expanded outreach process for this 2020/2021 EDR , and intends to continue further developing its outreach approach for future filings. The following measures have been implemented for this filing: Post a social media announcement notifying the public of upcoming filing. Circulate the 2020/2021 EDR electronically to the Environmental Justice (EJ) Reference List provided by MEPA for Massport’s recent Runway 9-27 Runway Safety Area Improvement Project. Include a reference in this Executive Summary, the cover letter, and the Notice of Availability that was sent to reviewers, that this Executive Summary is available in other languages upon request. Translate the Notice of Availability into Spanish. Translate the Executive Summary into Spanish. Post 2020/2021 EDR on Massport’s website at the time of filing with MEPA, allowing for approximately an additional week of review time. Prepare and post on Massport’s website ( https://www.massport.com/massport/about-massport/project- environmental-filings/logan-airport/ ) fact sheets in English and Spanish that will be available during the 2020/2021 EDR comment period. This Executive Summary is available in other languages upon request. Please contact Brad Washburn at 617-568-3546 or Bwashburn@massport.com. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-8 Additionally, Massport recognizes the importance of ongoing engagement with the community and organizations. The following highlights a couple of these engagement efforts: Massport renewed an agreement to provide funding to the East Boston Neighborhood Health Center to help expand the efforts of their Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Prevention and Treatment Program in East Boston and Winthrop that provides services including screenings for children, distribution of asthma kits, and home visits, among others. Massport supports, where possible, the Massport Community Advisory Committee (CAC). The Massport CAC is a state-legislated body that works with Massport on a range of Authority-wide topics, including environmental issues. Further information about the Massport CAC can be found at https://massportcac.org/ . Logan Airport Planning Context Logan Airport plays a key role in the metropolitan Boston and New England passenger and freight transportation networks. The Airport is one of the most land-constrained airports in the nation and is surrounded on three sides by Boston Harbor (see Figures 1-4 and 1-5 ). Passenger and Aircraft Activity Growth at Logan Airport Consistent with the rest of the U.S. airport industry, Logan Airport experienced steep declines in airline activity and passenger volumes over the past two years. Different states and regions within the U.S. have differed in their response to COVID-19 restrictions which in turn reflected the willingness of consumers to resume travel to and from particular markets. The net result is that air travel recovery at Logan Airport continues to be a work in progress. Although 2020 passengers dropped to levels of activity not seen since the 1970s, in 2021 the Airport showed a gradual return towards 2019 levels ( Figure 1-6 ). 2022 has shown further recovery, but not to pre-pandemic levels. Starting in March 2020, Logan Airport experienced dramatic reductions in passenger levels and flights, associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Passenger activity levels totaled approximately 12.6 million in 2020, a decrease of 70.3 percent compared to 2019 levels. The total number of aircraft operations at Logan Airport declined by 51.6 percent, from 427,176 operations in 2019 (which was a historic peak since 2001) to 206,702 operations in 2020. In 2021, the Airport continued its recovery path, and added 10.0 million passengers, ending the year with about 22.7 million, recovering to approximately 53.3 percent of 2019 passenger levels. 2021 operations increased to 266,034 operations, representing a recovery of 62.3 percent of 2019 levels. Terminal Complex " ) A " ) B " ) C " ) E 32 4R 33L 27 33R 22L 22R 15L 15R 4L 9 14 Boston Harbor South Boston East Boston Winthrop FIGURE 1-4 Aerial View of Logan Airport Source: MassGIS Ortho Imagery (Spring 2021) i 0 900 1800 450 Feet 2020/2021 Environmental Data Report Introduction/Executive Summary 1- 9 FIGURE 1-5 Logan Airport and Environs Source: USGS 2022 2020/2021 Environmental Data Report Introduction/Executive Summary 1- 10 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-11 Figure 1-6 Logan Airport Annual Passenger Levels and Aircraft Operations (1990–2021) Logan Airport Activity Levels are Closely Tied to the Regional and National Economy Activity levels at Logan Airport are largely driven by the local, regional, and national economies. As can be seen by looking at long-term trends, it is clear that when the economy is strong, Logan Airport grows. Similarly, the most significant declines in passenger levels and aircraft operation track closely with significant national and international disruptions. Examples of the most significant declines include the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) strike in 1981, September 11, 2001, the Great Recession in 2008/2009, and now the COVID-19 pandemic. When there has been significant growth, as was observed through 2018 and 2019, Massport has implemented strategies to address that growth in a manner that allows Logan Airport to evolve in a sustainable and environmentally responsible way. Logan Airport is the largest airport in the six-state New England region, which has a population of approximately 15.1 million residents in 2021. The Airport is located in Massachusetts, which is home to approximately 7.0 million residents, or nearly 46.6 percent of New England’s population as of 2021. Logan Airport serves passengers from across New England, with its primary catchment area consisting of five Massachusetts counties: Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth, and Suffolk (which includes the City of Boston). According to the most recently available statistics, 4.4 million people reside in this five-county area. 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 30,000,000 35,000,000 40,000,000 45,000,000 50,000,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 500,000 550,000 Passengers Operations Operations Passengers Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-12 Prior to COVID-19, the Boston metropolitan area had consistently maintained a lower unemployment rate compared to the Commonwealth and the nation. In 2019, the Boston metropolitan statistical area had an unemployment rate of 2.8 percent, which was lower than both the rate in the Commonwealth (3.1 percent) and the country (3.7 percent). Even during the 2008/2009 economic downturn, Boston and the Commonwealth experienced unemployment rates below the national average. 4 Massachusetts recorded a recent historical high unemployment rate of 16.7 percent in April 2020, which was greater than the national unemployment rate of 14.4 percent the same month. 5 After reaching record-high unemployment rates at the height of the pandemic in 2020, the Commonwealth’s unemployment rate continued to fall steadily in the remaining months of 2020 and through 2021, falling to 4.1 percent in December 2021. The Airport not only serves a growing population, but a high earning one as well. Per capita income in 2020 was estimated at $85,724 (current U.S. dollars) in the Airport’s primary service area, 11.3 percent higher than the Commonwealth and 44.9 percent higher than the national average. 6 Logan Airport is a key transportation and economic resource in the New England region, the state, and the Boston metropolitan area, which is home to a broad range of industries and with a relatively wealthier population when compared to the U.S. average. The industries accounting for the largest share of employees include healthcare and social assistance; 7 educational services; and professional, scientific, and technology services (which include Boston’s growing biotech industry). 8 In 2019, Boston/Cambridge, the nation’s largest biopharma cluster, committed to advancing digital health through creation of a digital health record database where the industry is expected to grow to generate more than $350 billion in annual value by 2025. 9 Even during the height of the global pandemic that caused an economic downturn in other business sectors, the Commonwealth’s biopharma industry continued to thrive, adding about 85,000 jobs and raising over $5.8 billion in venture capital. In addition to supporting the growth and economic success of the state, Logan Airport and the airport industry have always been important elements in the state and regional economies. The Massachusetts Statewide Airport Economic Impact Study Update, completed by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) in 2014 and most recently updated in 2019, 10 estimates that Massport airports – inclusive of Logan Airport, Worcester Regional Airport, and Hanscom Field – contribute approximately $23.1 billion in output to the Massachusetts economy annually; of this output, 71 percent is due to Logan Airport alone. 11 Total output includes on-Airport businesses, construction, visitor, and multiplier effects 4 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2020. 5 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 6 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. Latest data for metropolitan statistical area was 2020. 7 The Social Assistance subsector of the North American Industry Classification System and includes Individual and Family Services; Community Food and Housing, and Emergency and Other Relief Services; Vocational Rehabilitation Services; and Child Day Care Services. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2019. Industries at a Glance – Social Assistance: NAICS 624. https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag624.htm . 8 U.S. Census Bureau via DataUSA. 2019. Boston-Cambridge, Newton, MA-NH Metro Area profile. www.datausa.io 9 Massachusetts Biotechnology Council (MassBio) conference; McKinsey estimate “The Era of Exponential Improvement in Healthcare” https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/the-era-of-exponential- improvement-in-healthcare . 10 MassDOT Aeronautics Division. 2019. Massachusetts Statewide Airport Economic Impact Study Update . https://www.mass.gov/doc/aeronautics-economic-impact-study-2019/download . 11 Ibid . Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-13 (see Figure 1-7 ). 12 Logan Airport supports over 162,000 direct and indirect jobs, while generating approximately $16.3 billion per year in total economic output. 13 Figure 1-7 Total Economic Impact of Massport Airports Source: MassDOT, Massachusetts Statewide Airport Economic Impact Study Update, 2019. Notes: “Massachusetts Totals” refers to the total economic output of all Massachusetts airports. Logan Airport is considered an origin and destination (O&D) 14 airport both nationally and internationally, meaning that approximately 90 percent of Logan Airport passengers’ trips either start or end at Logan Airport. Hub airports, such as Atlanta or Chicago, serve many more passengers annually but, compared to O&D airports like Logan Airport, a higher percentage of passenger traffic at hub airports passes through to connecting flights. Logan Airport is considered a domestic and international O&D airport, meaning that less than 10 percent of air passengers are connecting through Logan Airport. 12 Multiplier effects refer to the recirculation of money in the local economy after initially being spent by the Airport, its tenants, or tourists. This recirculation increases the overall impact of the Airport’s operation in the local economy. 13 MassDOT Aeronautics Division. 2019. Massachusetts Statewide Airport Economic Impact Study Update. https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2019/03/25/AeroEcon_ImpactStudy_January2019.pdf . 14 “Origin and destination” traffic refers to the passenger traffic that either originates or ends at a particular airport or market. A strong O&D market like Boston generates significant local passenger demand, with many passengers starting their journey and ending their journey in that market. O&D traffic is distinct from connecting traffic, which refers to the passenger traffic that does not originate or end at the airport but merely connects through the airport en route to another destination. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-14 Forecast Status The 2017 ESPR presented an updated forecast for Logan Airport aircraft operations and passenger activity. That forecast focused on a Future Planning Horizon including a projected 50 million annual air passengers and 486,000 annual aircraft operations. Massport’s ESPR forecast was consistent with the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Terminal Area Forecast at that time. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically reduced air passenger traffic in 2020 and 2021, with a return to 2019 levels not expected in the near term. Due to the strong economy in the months prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, passenger activity levels and aircraft operations at Logan Airport increased rapidly. That growth was largely driven by the positive economic conditions in the Boston region, low unemployment, a strong, diverse economic base, and continued investment in commercial and residential real estate, particularly in life sciences, finance, healthcare, and higher education. As with other airports across the U.S., this growth trend was upended in March 2020 at the start of the pandemic. Accordingly, the 2017 ESPR projections will need to be updated as the longer-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are better understood. The methodology for the upcoming 2022 ESPR forecasts will be prepared using standard industry forecasting techniques, which include analyzing: Historical patterns of airport traffic and airfares; Historical socioeconomic and demographic data; Airline strategies and industry trends; and Forecasted socioeconomic and demographic data. This methodology is similar to that used by the FAA to develop the Terminal Area Forecast. The forecast will be developed using a combination of both a bottom-up (short term) microeconomic methodology and a top-down macroeconomic methodology. The bottom-up forecast includes a review of recent industry trends and expectations of future airline service and schedule data. It will incorporate airline input regarding short-term capacity recovery from COVID-19 as well as input from industry trade groups such as Airlines For America (A4A), the International Air Transport Association (IATA), and Airports Council International (ACI). These industry groups provide important context into the recovery at gateways markets such as Boston, compared to domestic and regional markets. Statistical analyses of the relationship between historical demand and local and national economic conditions will inform the top-down, longer-term forecast. Previously, econometric factors such as U.S. Gross Domestic Project (GDP), regional GDP, regional total personal income, and the cost of fuel served as representative independent variables in the regression analysis. Given Boston’s market size and strong economy, these factors may be used again in the 2022 ESPR aviation demand forecasts. It is also important to note that given Logan Airport’s position in the northeast regional market, the trends and market dynamics at other nearby airports such as Manchester-Boston Regional Airport (MHT) and Rhode Island T.F. Green International Airport (PVD) will also be considered. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-15 Massport Investment in Logan Airport Massport constantly monitors, evaluates and implements enhancements to Logan Airport’s safety, security, operational efficiency, and accessibility to and from the Boston metropolitan area, while carefully monitoring the environmental effects of Logan Airport operations. Recent and ongoing terminal area projects are aimed at providing seamless post-security connectivity among the terminals along with enhancements to passenger processing through consolidated security checking areas. Access to and around Logan Airport also remains a priority. Massport continues to work with FAA to enhance airside safety through a variety of runway safety area (RSA) improvements and simplification of the airfield geometry. As noted above, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have precipitated a wide range of changes at Logan Airport. Both the drop in passengers and associated revenues in 2020 and 2021 required significant adjustments to services and project schedules. Massport has focused on adjusting services to match the shifting passenger levels and ensure that those changes are made with careful consideration of managing environmental and operating impacts. In some areas, programs have been adjusted to reflect current needs and impacts. Massport remains committed to implementing project-related mitigation strategies, as documented in Chapter 9, Environmentally Beneficial Measures and Project Mitigation Tracking . 2020 and 2021 Highlights and Key Findings This section provides a brief overview of key findings, by chapter, at Logan Airport in 2020 and 2021. Additional information concerning Airport activities is provided in subsequent chapters. This section also highlights Massport’s efforts to further sustainability through specific projects and initiatives with a sustainability leaf and summarizes Massport’s sustainability program. The Secretary’s Certificate on the 2018/2019 EDR , which formed the Scope of this 2020/2021 EDR , acknowledged that activity levels and operations have decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the anomaly of this reporting timeframe, MEPA directed that a combined 2020 and 2021 EDR be filed to provide a clearer indication of post-pandemic growth trends, along with a methodology for the forthcoming future forecast. As of the filing of this 2020/2021 EDR , Logan Airport continues to recover from reduction in demand from the COVID-19 pandemic. The effects of COVID-19 on the aviation industry and Logan Airport continue to evolve. As a result, the 2022 ESPR will provide an updated forecast, reflecting continuing recovery from the pandemic as well as industry changes that are reshaping aviation in the U.S. and internationally. Activity Levels Until the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Logan Airport (and the aviation industry in general) had been experiencing strong growth, largely driven by the positive economic conditions in the Boston region, low unemployment, a strong, diverse economic base, and continued investment in commercial and residential real estate, particularly in life sciences, finance, healthcare, and higher education. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 passenger levels and operations have dramatically decreased, with 2021 passenger levels showing a gradual return towards 2019 levels. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-16 Consistent with the rest of the U.S. airport industry, Logan Airport experienced steep declines in airline activity and passenger volumes over the past two years. Different states and different regions within the U.S. have differed in their response to COVID-19 restrictions which in turn reflected the willingness of consumers to resume travel to and from particular markets. The net result is that air travel recovery at Logan Airport is a work in progress. Logan Airport has been recovering at a slower rate when compared to the overall U.S. scheduled passenger recovery, which recovered 72.7 percent of its 2019 levels in 2021. 15 Prior to the pandemic, Logan Airport had been averaging an annual passenger growth of 5.1 percent since 2014, and was previously outpacing the overall U.S. passenger growth of 4.0 percent per year for the same time period. In 2020, the domestic passenger market declined by 68.5 percent to 10.7 million compared to 2019 but rebounded in 2021 to 20.0 million passengers compared to 2020, which represents about 58.8 percent of 2019 annual domestic passenger levels. Although domestic passenger activity reached a record peak of 34.1 million in 2019, 2021 domestic passenger activity levels were below levels seen prior to 1998. The total number of aircraft operations at Logan Airport declined by 51.6 percent, from 427,176 operations in 2019, which was a historic peak since 2001, to 206,702 operations in 2020. Operations then increased in 2021 to 266,034 operations, representing a recovery of 62.3 percent of 2019 levels. Please see Chapter 2, Activity Levels, for additional information. Airport Planning Massport is continually improving the facilities at Logan Airport to accommodate changes in passenger demand, aircraft activity, cargo needs, and transportation access. In Chapter 3, Airport Planning , Massport has identified priority planning projects and initiatives in the following categories: Ground Transportation and Parking; Terminals; Airside Planning; Service Areas; Airport Buffers and Open Space; and Energy, Sustainability, and Resiliency. As a result of this significant reduction in Airport activity and dramatic reduction in revenues through 2020 and 2021, Massport, airlines, and other Logan Airport tenants necessarily adjusted their operations. The schedule for a number of Massport’s and tenant Airport projects and programs were also adjusted. Massport continues to review the status of its projects/programs, and additional changes or deferments continue to occur in response to activity levels and revenues. Of particular note is careful and continuing review of Logan’s ground access programs to remain aligned with ridership levels and long-standing high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) transportation services. Despite these challenges, Massport remains committed to implementing project-related mitigation strategies. 15 Bureau of Transportation Statistics. https://www.bts.gov/covid-19 . Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-17 Several projects aimed at providing on-Airport roadway congestion relief are ongoing and are expected to be complete by summer 2023, namely: On-Airport roadway improvements to enhance efficiency and reduce congestion, Roadway and curb improvements in front of Terminal C (Arrival and Departure levels) to reduce peak hour congestion and prioritize HOV access, Relocation of the RideApp traffic for Terminal B from the Central Garage to the Departures level of Terminal B, Construction of roadways exiting the Terminal B departures level that will allow traffic to exit in its own lane, rather than merging with traffic destined for Terminals C and E, Installation of a tunnel exiting the Terminal B garage that will allow traffic to exit in its own lane on the Arrivals level, rather than merging with traffic destined for Terminals C and E, and Improvements to the roadways connecting Terminals B and C to improve circulation, reduce congestion, and improve safety. Recent and ongoing terminal area projects are providing seamless post-security connectivity and flexibility among the terminals along with enhancements to passenger processing through consolidated security checking areas. To enhance the on-Airport roadway network, Massport is improving several of the terminal area roadway segments and intersections. In December 2019, Massport relocated most RideApp drop-off and pick-up areas in the Central Garage. Since filing the 2018/2019 EDR , Massport has completed state and/or federal environmental review of several projects: Logan Airport Parking Project , which will add 5,000 commercial parking spaces at Logan Airport in locations already in use for parking. The additional parking spaces respond to the MassDOT and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s approval of a modification to the regulatory Logan Airport Parking Freeze. 16 The additional spaces are intended to reduce environmentally harmful drop-off/pick-up modes (i.e., dropped off or picked up by private vehicles, taxi, RideApp, or black car limousine service). The joint MEPA/NEPA review process was completed in January 2020. This project is currently deferred due to the reduction in passenger activity associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Terminal C Canopy, Connector and Roadway Project received federal environmental approval under NEPA in November 2018. As described in the 2017 ESPR , construction of this project will replace and reconfigure sections of the elevated roadways connecting Terminals B and C. Construction of the replacement canopy was completed in 2021, with a slightly reduced program than originally planned. The Terminal C to B Connector was completed in 2022 and roadways are anticipated to be complete in summer 2023. Runway 9-27 RSA Improvement Project , which includes construction of a deck with an Engineered Materials Arresting System (EMAS) on the end of Runway 27, to meet FAA safety 16 310 Code of Massachusetts Regulations 7.30 and 40 Code of Federal Regulations 52.1120. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-18 requirements. In August 2021, an ENF was filed with the MEPA Office. The Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR) was filed in June 2022. As of this filing, work on the Final EIR (FEIR) and NEPA documentation is underway. Please see Chapter 3, Airport Planning, for additional information. Regional Transportation In 2020, air passenger activity in the New England region declined significantly with some recovery in 2021. By year-end 2021, regional air passengers recovered to about 56 percent of 2019 levels. Prior to the pandemic, nearly 60 million air passengers flew through the New England system in 2019, a historic high. The 10 regional airports (excluding Logan Airport) in New England accommodated approximately 6 and 11 million air passengers in 2020 and 2021, respectively, compared to approximately 17.2 million passengers in 2019. In 2021, Bradley International (BDL), Rhode Island T.F. Green International (PVD), Portland International Jetport (PWM), Bangor International (BGR), Manchester-Boston Regional (MHT), Worcester Regional (ORH), and Hanscom Field (BED) recovered between approximately 80 to 100 percent of their 2019 total aircraft operations. Whereas, Tweed-New Haven (HVN), Burlington International (BTV), and Portsmouth International (PSM) airports exceeded 2019 operation levels, fueled in part by charter and general aviation (GA) activity growth. Commercial passenger service recovery continues to lag at all regional airports, however, several airports welcomed new entrant services in 2020 and 2021 offered by low-cost and ultra-low-cost carriers such as Allegiant Air, Avelo Airlines, Breeze Airways, Frontier Airlines, and Sun Country Airlines. According to the latest statewide airport economic impact study from 2019, Massport’s three airports, Logan Airport, Worcester Regional Airport, and Hanscom Field, made significant contributions to the regional economy, generating approximately $23.1 billion annually, or 94 percent of the overall economic benefits generated by the Massachusetts’ airport system. 17 Hanscom Field is a reliever airport to Logan Airport and is the second busiest airport in New England. Passenger activity levels at Worcester Regional Airport declined by approximately 78 percent in 2020 compared to 2019, followed by further decline in 2021 when all commercial traffic was temporarily suspended. Altogether, Worcester Regional Airport has reported a total of nearly 890,000 cumulative passengers since 2013 when it re-introduced commercial services. jetBlue Airways, American Airlines, and Delta Air Lines have resumed nonstop flights to the majority of its pre-pandemic served destinations as of the end of 2021. Massport continues to invest in Worcester Regional Airport—together with the City of Worcester, Massport has already initiated a $100 million, 10-year investment to revitalize and attract commercial operations to Worcester Regional Airport. In November 2022, Massport celebrated the 1 millionth passenger to use Worcester Regional Airport since the resumption of passenger service in 2013. In response to COVID-19, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, and jetBlue Airways temporarily suspended service in and out of the Worcester Regional Airport between October 2020 and July 2021. By August 17 MassDOT Aeronautics Division. 2019. Massachusetts Statewide Airport Economic Impact Study Update. https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2019/03/25/AeroEcon_ImpactStudy_January2019.pdf . Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-19 2021, Worcester Regional Airport welcomed back nonstop service to New York John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), which grew to twice daily by December 2021. jetBlue Airways also restarted operations to Fort Lauderdale in October 2021. American Airlines and Delta Air Lines re-commenced daily service to New York LaGuardia and Philadelphia, respectively, in November 2021. Although Delta Air Lines previously operated flights to its hub in Detroit prior to the pandemic, according to published OAG schedules, 18 no nonstop service between the two airports remains. Amtrak rail system-wide ridership decreased from 16.8 million customer trips in fiscal year (FY) 2020 to 12.2 million trips in FY 2021. In FY 2020, the Northeast Corridor (NEC) carried approximately 6.1 million passengers, down approximately 51 percent from the prior year. In FY 2021, the NEC carried 4.4 million passengers on those services, down about 28 percent from the prior year. Ground Access Post pandemic, it is anticipated that Logan Airport will continue to be one of the leading airports in the United States in terms of HOV and transit mode share. Massport remains committed to promoting numerous HOV, transit, and shared-ride options to improve on-Airport roadway and curbside operations, alleviate constraints on parking, and improve customer service. Key findings from 2020 and 2021 are summarized in the bullets that follow and additional details can be found in Chapter 5, Ground Access to and from Logan Airport. Average weekday on-Airport vehicle miles traveled (VMT) decreased by about 75 percent from 2019 to 2020. Average weekday on-Airport VMT increased from 2020 to 2021. The change in average daily traffic in 2021 can be attributed primarily to a post lock-down rebound in air passenger activity, increase in passenger drop-off/pick-up, cargo, and non-aviation related Airport uses. Based on more recent data, Airport activity and on-Airport VMT is trending higher in 2022 due to the reduction in air travel restrictions and social distancing impacts of COVID-19. RideApp transactions dropped significantly from more than 7 million in 2019 to just over 2 million in 2020 due to travel restrictions from COVID-19 and potential health safety concerns associated with sharing vehicles. As passenger levels increased in 2021, the number of rideshare users also increased. However, the number of riders is still significantly lower than pre-COVID (2019 and prior) levels. Due to the impacts of COVID-19, the number of black car limousines and scheduled van seats coming to the Airport dropped by nearly 64 percent from 2019 to 2021. Taxi dispatches declined 80 percent in 2020 compared to 2019 but increased between 2020 and 2021. The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Blue Line ridership decreased by approximately 58 percent between 2019 and 2020 and increased in 2021 compared to 2020. Massport has a goal of reaching 35.5 percent HOV mode share by 2022 and 40 percent by 2027. Based on the results of the 2019 Logan International Airport Air Passenger Ground-Access Survey , HOV mode share reached 40.4 percent, exceeding both near-term and longer-term goals. COVID-19 has had a range of impacts on ground transportation, particularly on the use of ground-access HOV modes. While it is anticipated that the HOV mode share will drop as a result of COVID-19 over the short term, Massport remains committed to meeting the HOV mode share goals going forward. Results of the 2022 Air Passenger Ground-Access Survey will be presented in the 2022 ESPR . 18 Published schedules as of September 2022. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-20 Ground Access Strategy Massport has a long-standing multi-pronged, trip reduction strategy to diversify and enhance ground transportation options for passengers and employees traveling to and from Logan Airport. The strategy is designed to offer passengers a choice of HOV, transit, and shared-ride options that are convenient and reliable, and that reduce environmental and community impacts. Massport’s strategy also aims to provide sufficient on-Airport parking for air passengers choosing automobile access modes and/or who have limited HOV options. In 2017, the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) amended the Logan Airport Parking Freeze to allow for an increase of up to 5,000 on-Airport commercial parking spaces, which allows for the construction of additional parking to reduce the use of drop-off/pick up modes and alleviate constrained on-Airport parking conditions. In January 2020, Massport received the FEIR certificate from the Secretary of the EEA, completing the environmental review process for the construction of 5,000 additional parking spaces. While the project has completed the environmental review process, construction of these additional parking spaces has been deferred until passenger activity levels recover sufficiently. The 2022 ESPR will provide an updated project status. A long-standing Massport interest is addressing on-Airport roadway congestion with a combination of policy changes and infrastructure improvements. Alleviating terminal area congestion is important for continued safe and efficient landside operations and to reduce environmental impacts. Enhancing multimodal transportation options and providing modern, flexible infrastructure is one way an airport can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve its environmental footprint. Massport recognizes the importance of providing safe and reliable HOV services to and from the Airport and has a HOV mode share goal of reaching 40 percent by 2027. Understanding the growth in RideApp use and their impact on regional and terminal area roadway congestion is essential to managing on-Airport traffic volume and promoting HOV services as a viable and attractive alternative. To address congestion issues caused by RideApps prior to the pandemic, Massport reconstructed the ground floor of the Central/West garage to facilitate passenger drop-off (between the hours of 10:00 AM and midnight) and pick-up (all times). This service change was completed in December 2019. During 2020 and 2021, the pandemic effects resulted in fewer passengers and employees traveling to and from Logan Airport and less roadway congestion both in Boston and the metropolitan area. In addition, the public’s interest in using HOV transportation services like buses, rapid transit, and commuter rail, is still diminished by concerns about COVID-19, reduced service, or service disruptions. Within that context, Massport continues to evaluate and plan for the recovery of air passenger activity and remains committed to implementing the broad range of ground access and trip reduction strategies. Massport continues to carefully review both on and off-Airport activity levels and will adjust its ground access programs to align with air passenger levels. The schedule for HOV and ground access improvements have and will continue to be adjusted due to current conditions. Future EDRs and ESPRs will provide detailed updates on all service adjustments and activity levels. Massport continuously evaluates its strategies and programs aimed at improving and, where needed, expanding HOV services to and from Logan Airport, including continued investment in Logan Express facilities and service. The initiatives described below can improve roadway operations as well as air quality emissions. The following measures have been implemented or remain under consideration: Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-21 Continuing to promote Logan Express ridership by expanding parking, frequency, and facility upgrades. Suburban Logan Express Service Enhancements ▪ Increase Braintree Logan Express service from two to three trips per hour (implemented in May 2019 but reduced to hourly service in March 2020 due to the impacts of COVID-19. In July 2021, service resumed to every half hour service). ▪ Add about 1,000 additional spaces to the Framingham garage (permitting completed in 2020; however construction is deferred). ▪ Marketing to support Logan Express strategy and increase ridership. ▪ Implement Logan Express electronic ticketing (completed in March 2021). ▪ Evaluate new Logan Express suburban locations, with a plan to open at least one new site. Peabody Logan Express relocated in February 2022. Massport is evaluating opportunities for further expansion of capacity and service. ▪ Explore RideApp Last Mile connections. ▪ Continue to monitor parking capacity at all Logan Express sites. MBTA Silver Line ▪ Massport continues its partnership with the MBTA to offer free Silver Line boardings at the Airport. The reduced dwell times and faster travel times through the terminal area led Massport to extend the free-fare program indefinitely. Eight Silver Line buses purchased by Massport are operated by the MBTA with Massport paying operating costs for the Silver Line buses. In 2018, Massport funded mid-life rebuilds of four Silver Line buses. Massport will purchase eight new Silver Line buses as part of a forthcoming (2023) MBTA procurement. Urban Logan Express Service ▪ Change pick-up/drop-off location from Copley to Back Bay Station (implemented in 2019). ▪ Discount one-way fare from $7.50 to $3.00 (implemented in 2019). ▪ Provide free service from Logan Airport (implemented in early 2019). ▪ Provide security line priority status to Logan Express Back Bay riders (implemented in 2019; this service was temporarily suspended due to COVID-19, but restored in October 2022). ▪ Marketing campaign to support increased ridership (ongoing). ▪ Implement Logan Express electronic ticketing (implemented upon reopening in October 2022). ▪ Explore a second urban Logan Express service. RideApp Management Plan ▪ Facilitate rematch and shared ride by moving RideApp drop-off/pick-up activity to new dedicated areas in the Central Garage (complete). Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-22 ▪ Implement RideApp rematch 19 so drivers dropping off can more easily leave with a passenger (complete). ▪ Introduce RideApp shared ride incentives to reduce RideApp vehicles through gateways by increasing vehicle occupancies (complete). ▪ Adopt new RideApp fee structure to support HOV strategies, encourage shared rides, and reduce gateway congestion (complete). ▪ Optimize RideApp operations on-Airport through data reporting, enforcement tools, and emerging RideApp products (continuing). Infrastructure improvements ▪ Massport will continue to evaluate and identify the need for additional infrastructure modifications as a complement to policy changes to allow terminal area roadways and curbsides to continue functioning adequately and minimize vehicle idling and associated emissions. Changes will be implemented as needed. Noise Massport strives to minimize the noise effects of Logan Airport operations on its neighbors through a variety of noise abatement programs, procedures, studies, and other tools. At Logan Airport, Massport implements one of the oldest and most extensive noise abatement programs of any airport in the nation. Massport’s comprehensive noise abatement program includes a dedicated Noise Abatement Office; a state-of-the-art Noise and Operations Monitoring System (NOMS); extensive residential and school sound insulation programs; time-of-day and runway restrictions for noisier aircraft; ground run-up procedures; and flight tracks designed to optimize over-water operations (especially during nighttime hours). The public can register noise complaints by phone or online through Massport’s website. 20 Key findings are summarized in the bullets that follow and additional details can be found in Chapter 6, Noise Abatement. Massport continues to seek funding for noise mitigation of properties that are eligible to participate in its Residential Sound Insulation Program (RSIP). In 2021, Massport updated its Noise Exposure Map (NEM) and is initiating a new program to sound insulate eligible homes and re- evaluate sound insulation in homes treated prior to 1993. To date, Massport has provided sound insulation for a total of 36 schools and 11,515 residential units with over $170 million invested since the start of the program. Massport is currently working with FAA to possibly address issues with the first-generation sound insulation windows. In January 2020, Massport’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) sent a letter to the FAA Associate Administrator requesting that Massport and FAA work together to address re- treatment of homes that were sound insulated during the early years of the program to upgrade eligible homes to newer, more effective and durable materials. The Associate Administrator responded that FAA is exploring limited circumstances under which Massport might be able to 19 Rematch allows drivers who are dropping off to instantly pick up another passenger without needing to circle the Airport or leave empty. 20 Massport. Noise Complaints. http://www.massport.com/logan-airport/about-logan/noise-abatement/complaints/ . Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-23 mitigate homes that had been mitigated before FAA first issued sound insulation standards in 1993. The first step in this process was for Massport to submit an updated RSIP NEM. FAA accepted the 2020 NEM on December 20, 2021 that was submitted by Massport and Massport is in the process of re-starting its RSIP. Massport selected a consulting team that will survey eligible program areas to identify potentially eligible properties that meet the FAA’s new criteria for a pilot program. In 2022, Massport applied for and was approved for an initial grant by the FAA to fund the beginning phase of the new RSIP program. Please see Appendix H, Noise Abatement for additional information. The fleet mix of Logan Airport continues to be composed of aircraft types with the quietest available technology (Stage 5 is the quietest). About 29 percent of 2020 and 2021 operations were conducted in aircraft meeting the requirements for Stage 5 certification, 69 percent meeting Stage 4 certification, and the remaining 2 to 3 percent meeting only Stage 3 certification. Due to the pandemic, several airlines accelerated the retirement of older, louder, and less efficient aircraft models such as the Airbus A330-200/300 and A340, Boeing 747, 757, and 767, McDonnell Douglas MD-88, Embraer 190, and the smaller Bombardier CRJ200 regional jet (RJ). The effects of the airline fleet changes on the Logan Airport noise environment started to be seen in 2021 and should be more apparent in following years. Massport completed a multi-year effort with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and FAA to identify opportunities to reduce noise through changes to performance-based navigation (PBN) procedures and flight performance modifications. This is a first-in-the-nation project between the FAA and an airport operator to better understand the implications of PBN and evaluate strategies to address community concerns. Nighttime operations represented approximately 13 percent of total operations in both 2020 and 2021. Reflecting the overall drop in operations, total nighttime flights (commercial and cargo) decreased from an average of 195 per night in 2019 to 76 per night in 2020 and 98 per night in 2021. While nighttime operations in commercial passenger aircraft operations decreased, nighttime cargo operations increased from 2019 to 2020, most likely due to an increased demand for shipping during the pandemic. Most nighttime operations (about 86 percent in 2020 and 78 percent in 2021), occurred either before midnight or after 5:00 AM. The total number of people residing within the 2020 day-night average sound level (DNL) 65 decibel (dB) contour (804 people) represents a decrease of almost 91 percent compared to the 2019 estimate (8,665 people). The 2021 population estimate within the DNL 65 contour totaled 2,497 people, which is about 29 percent of 2019. The primary factor affecting the size of the DNL contours is the reduced number of aircraft operations. The 2021 DNL contours are similar in shape to the 2019 DNL contours but reduced in size due to the reduction in operations. The 2020 DNL contours have a slightly different shape and are slightly smaller than 2021 over East Boston and Winthrop. The population within the 2020 DNL 65 dB contour is mainly located in Revere, Winthrop (Point Shirley) and Boston (Orient Heights). Compared to 2020, the 2021 DNL contour includes more homes, and therefore greater population, in each of those areas, as well as some in East Boston (Eagle Hill). Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-24 Noise Strategy The foundation of Massport’s noise program is the Logan Airport Noise Abatement Rules and Regulations 21 (Noise Rules), which have been in effect since 1986. Massport’s Noise Abatement Office is responsible for implementing noise abatement measures and generally monitoring community complaints and other aspects of the noise effects from Logan Airport operations. Massport is focused on the following noise abatement initiatives: Partnerships with Airlines and FAA ▪ Massport is encouraging retrofitting the Airbus A319/320/321 family of aircraft with vortex generators, which reduce tonal noise on approach. In October 2018, jetBlue Airways (the air carrier with the greatest number of operations at Logan Airport) announced plans to retrofit its older Airbus fleet with Vortex Generators. This move reflects the partnership between Massport and the airlines to reduce aircraft noise to benefit surrounding communities. As airlines retrofit aircraft and transition to the newer models of the A320 family, the number of aircraft operating at Logan Airport without the vortex generators is expected to decrease. ▪ On October 7, 2016, Massport and FAA signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) 22 to frame the process for analyzing opportunities to reduce noise through changes or amendments to PBN, including area navigation (RNAV). This cooperation is a first-in-the-nation project between FAA and an airport operator to better understand the implications of PBN and evaluate strategies to address community concerns. MIT is the technical lead. Block 1 was completed in late 2017 and recommendations were made to the FAA. MIT completed the Block 2 report, which was released in December 2021. In January 2022, the Massport CAC put forth two of the procedures for further study and implementation by FAA. On January 19, 2022, Massport submitted a request to the FAA for review and implementation of two Block 2 procedures at Logan Airport. ▪ The fleet operating at Logan Airport is comprised of 69 percent Stage 4 aircraft and 29 percent Stage 5 aircraft (Stage 5 being the quietest), well above the FAA minimum Stage 3 engines. ▪ Massport continues to prohibit the use of Runway 4L for departures and Runway 22R for arrivals from 11:00 PM to 6:00 AM; maximize late-night over-water operations via Runways 15R and 33L; and restrict nighttime engine run-ups and use of auxiliary power units (APUs). 21 The Logan International Airport Noise Abatement Rules and Regulations, effective July 1, 1986, are codified as 740 Code of Massachusetts Regulations (CMR) 24.00 et seq (also known as the Noise Rules). 22 Massport. October 7, 2016. Massport and FAA Work to Reduce Overflight Noise. https://www.massport.com/news- room/news/massport-and-faa-work-to-reduce-overflight-noise/ . Image of Vortex Generator Device by Port on Wing. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-25 ▪ Massport continues to encourage the voluntary use of reduced-engine taxiing when appropriate and safe. ▪ Massport continues improvement of the NOMS. Massport upgraded the system in 2019 and continues to invest in maintaining the system including installing new field monitors and infrastructure where needed. The total replacement of noise monitoring equipment at 29 sites around Logan Airport was completed in August 2021. Sound Insulation Program ▪ Massport has one of the most extensive residential and school sound insulation programs in the nation. To date, Massport has installed sound insulation in 5,467 residences, including 11,515 dwelling units, and 36 schools in East Boston, Roxbury, Dorchester, Winthrop, Revere, Chelsea, and South Boston. Since the start of the program, over $170 million has been invested. ▪ Approximately 8 percent of applicants also choose the Room-of-Preference option that allows the owner to identify a room (usually a bedroom or living room) for extra acoustical treatment. Air Quality/Emissions Reduction Prior to the pandemic, total emissions from all sources associated with Logan Airport were less than they were a decade ago, with the exception of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). This long-term downward trend is consistent with Massport’s longstanding objective to accommodate the demands of increasing passenger and cargo activity levels with fewer aircraft operations and reduced emissions wherever possible. The reduction in aircraft operations and passenger-related ground access trips in 2020 and 2021 during the pandemic compared to 2019 resulted in lower emissions of air pollutants for which there are National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), as well as lower emissions of the precursors to the NAAQS-regulated pollutants, GHG emissions, and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), than emission levels estimated for Logan for the years 1999, 2000, and 2010 through 2019. Changes in the 2020 and 2021 emissions are also a result of changes in the aircraft fleet operating at Logan Airport and emission reduction initiatives by Massport that have reduced emissions. Despite the reduction in the number of operations and passengers, Massport remains committed to implementing emissions reduction strategies. Massport prepared emissions inventories for 2020 and 2021 for the criteria pollutants carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well GHGs and NOx. Key findings of those emissions inventories include: Total 2020 modeled emissions of VOCs, NOX, CO, and PM decreased from 2019 by about 58 percent, 54 percent, 59 percent, and 47 percent, respectively. This is primarily attributable to the decrease in passenger activity levels and aircraft operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2021 total modeled emissions of VOC, NOX, CO, and PM decreased by about 45 percent, 42 percent, 48 percent, and 23 percent, respectively, from 2019 levels. Similar to 2020, this is primarily attributable to the decrease in passenger activity levels and aircraft operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-26 GHG emissions associated with Logan Airport in 2020 and 2021 are less than 1 percent of the most recent statewide total emissions estimates. Total Logan Airport GHG emissions (i.e., Scopes 1, 2, and 3) decreased from 2019 to 2020 by approximately 60 percent but increased from 2020 to 2021. However, 2021 GHG emissions remain below the pre-pandemic emissions of 2019. Effect of Aircraft Engine Technology on NOx Aircraft emissions continue to represent the largest source (95 percent) of NOx at Logan Airport, with the remaining comprising of ground service equipment (GSE), other sources and motor vehicles (approximately 5 percent). Massport does not have any control over aircraft emissions, which represent the vast majority of total Airport emissions. To reduce fuel use and emissions, aircraft engine designers and manufacturers continue to work on producing more “fuel-efficient” (i.e., less fuel-burning) engines. This is achieved by enhancing engine performance with improved fuel combustion technologies, greater thrust-generating power, and less engine wear. Aircraft are also being designed to decrease fuel-burn with advancements in aircraft wing and body aerodynamics, light-weight alloy materials, and improved means of navigation. These emerging technologies and reduced fuel burn are expected to reduce emissions, reduce noise, and moderate the growth in NOx emissions into the future. Air Quality Strategy Massport’s air quality management strategy for Logan Airport focuses on decreasing emissions from Airport-related sources, in addition to furthering innovative means to achieve emissions reductions Airport-wide. Since Massport does not have direct control over aircraft operations or fleet choices of the airlines, it continues to focus on areas that Massport does control or has an opportunity to influence. Massport’s air quality management strategy for Logan Airport focuses on decreasing emissions from Airport-related sources, in addition to furthering innovative means to achieve emissions reductions Airport-wide. Massport has established a number of goals and objectives to address air emissions from Airport operations, including the reduction of GSE and Massport vehicle fleet emissions. Massport is focused on the following initiatives: Net Zero Roadmap ▪ As discussed below, in 2022, Massport released its Net Zero Roadmap by 2031 , an Authority-wide emissions reduction strategy, the goal of which is to strive to reach net zero GHG emissions by 2031 under its direct control, by Massport’s 75 th anniversary. The 2022 ESPR will report on the implementation of that program, which is summarized in the Sustainability and Resiliency Program section below. Key pathways to Net Zero include building energy efficiency, transitioning to electric vehicles, phased procurement of a sustainable energy supply, and a range of measure to help enable emissions reduction by our tenants and business partners. Provide infrastructure and encourage practices that support reductions in aircraft emissions ▪ Massport provides pre-conditioned air (PCA) and 400 Hertz (Hz) power at all aircraft contact gates to reduce aircraft idling and use of APUs. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-27 ▪ Massport encourages single engine taxiing procedures by the airlines when safe, to reduce both noise and air emissions. ▪ Installing airside electric charging stations to support the use of battery-powered eGSE such as aircraft tugs and belt loaders. Maximize use of HOV and reduce single occupancy vehicle trips, particularly drop-off/pick- up trips, and passenger use of private vehicles to and from the Airport ▪ Massport implements an extensive HOV strategy and ground transportation improvements (see previous section, Ground Access Strategy, for details). Reduce emissions from fleets operating at Logan Airport ▪ Massport is facilitating the replacement of gas- and diesel-powered GSE with all-electric GSE (eGSE) (as commercially available) by supporting the installation of charging infrastructure. ▪ In 2018, Massport was awarded an FAA Voluntary Airport Low Emission (VALE) Program grant of $1,600,000 for charging infrastructure at Terminal B. Massport contributed $626,000 in matching funds to install 50 eGSE charging stations. In 2019, through the same program, Massport was awarded $3,200,000 for charging infrastructure at Terminal C. Massport contributed $953,000 toward the installation of 42 eGSE charging stations. ▪ In 2019, Massport, in partnership with jetBlue Airways, was awarded $445,000 through MassDEP’s Volkswagen Diesel Settlements & Environmental Mitigation Open Solicitation grant program. The grant, aimed at reducing NOX and GHG emissions, will support the replacement of 31 pieces of GSE with new eGSE and install four eGSE charging stations at Terminal C. United Airlines also privately pursued this grant and was awarded $280,000. ▪ In 2019, Massport was awarded by the EPA under the Diesel Emission Reduction Act (DERA) a $990,000 grant to replace 44 diesel-powered GSE equipment with all-electric baggage tractors, belt loaders, and push back tugs. GSE owners at Logan Airport will contribute a $1,210,000 match. ▪ In 2020, Massport was awarded a grant through FAA’s VALE for charging infrastructure at Terminal E and Signature Aviation Building 14 to install 10 eSGE charging stations. ▪ Massport is collaborating with the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) to study opportunities to enable conversion of the ride-for-hire fleet (RideApp, Rental Car Taxi and limousine vehicles) that serves Logan to transition to electric vehicles. In early 2022, the MassCEC provided a grant to initiate this work and provide some funding to increase Logan’s electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. Provide infrastructure to support alternative fuels including compressed natural gas (CNG) and electricity ▪ Massport has committed to increasing the availability of EV charging stations. Currently, there are 135 landside and 286 airside charging ports Massport-wide. ▪ Massport continues to operate one of New England’s largest retail CNG stations, which is open to the public. In 2020 and 2021, the station dispensed approximately 12,339 and 10,691 gasoline-gallon equivalents per month for Massport vehicles, respectively. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-28 Reduce emissions from Massport fleet vehicles ▪ Massport continues to run and augment its fleet of alternative fuel vehicle (AFV)/alternative power vehicle (APV) on-Airport shuttle buses. Massport also has a vehicle procurement policy that requires consideration of AFVs when purchases are made. Reduce emissions associated with Massport buildings, including energy needs ▪ Massport is committed to achieving Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) certification for eligible buildings, as appropriate, targeting LEED Silver or higher. ▪ Massport continues to invest in renewable energy installations on-Airport (solar/wind). Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality Massport’s approach to environmental management and compliance is a key component of its commitment to sustainability and responsible stewardship at Logan Airport. Through monitoring and documentation, Massport assesses environmental performance, continually developing, implementing, evaluating, and improving policies and programs. Massport promotes appropriate environmental practices through pollution prevention and remediation measures. Massport also works closely with tenants and operations staff at Logan Airport in an effort to continuously improve environmental compliance. Key findings in this EDR include: In 2020, 100 percent of Massport’s stormwater samples were in compliance with National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements and in 2021, 99 percent were in compliance. Massport annually updates and maintains its Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) for Logan Airport. Massport continues to assess, remediate, and bring its Massachusetts Contingency Plan sites to regulatory closure. In 2020, there were four reportable spills with two storm drains impacted. In 2021, there were four reportable spills with no storm drains impacted. For additional information, please see Chapter 8, Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality. Sustainability and Resiliency Program Massport is committed to a robust sustainability program. Sustainability has redefined the values and criteria for measuring organizational success by using a "triple bottom line" approach that considers economic, environmental, and social well-being. Applying this approach to decision-making is a practical way to optimize economic, environmental, and social capital. Massport is taking a broad view of sustainability that builds upon the triple bottom line concept and considers the airport-specific context. Massport is committed to implementing sustainable practices Airport- and Authority-wide and continues to make progress on a range of initiatives. The following sections summarize many of the long-term and multifaceted sustainability initiatives undertaken by Massport, and which individual chapters of this 2020/2021 EDR more fully describe, where appropriate. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-29 Massport Roadmap to Net Zero In March 2022, Massport published its Roadmap to Net Zero by 2031 , an ambitious Authority-wide program to achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2031 for the facilities under its control (Scope 1 and 2). This goal would put Massport nearly two decades ahead of the 2050 deadline that many other organizations have targeted. 2031 will also be the 75 th anniversary of the establishment of the Authority. In addition to determinedly reducing the Authority’s emissions to Net Zero, the plan inspires, encourages, and strives to enable the efforts and innovations of tenants, business partners, and facility users. It protects the connection the Authority provides linking Massachusetts and New England to the wider world. It strengthens and deepens the role it plays as a regional economic engine. Additionally, it is directly aimed at reducing impacts on our neighboring communities. Massport is exploring five main pathways to reach net zero: Energy conservation and efficiency Clean and renewable energy sources Sustainable ground transportation Partnerships Culture of sustainability and innovation Additional information can be found at https://www.massport.com/massport/about- massport/roadmap-to-net-zero/ . In fall 2022, Massport established a Program Management Office (PMO) to help advance Roadmap to Net Zero by 2031 implementation. The 2022 ESPR will provide updates on program status. Logan Airport Sustainability Management Plan (SMP) In 2013, Massport was awarded a grant by FAA to prepare a SMP for Logan Airport. The planning effort, culminating in 2015, holistically addressed sustainability, including considerations for economic vitality, operational efficiency, natural resource conservation, and social responsibility. The Logan Airport SMP developed a framework and established an implementation plan with key performance indicators designed to track airport-wide progress through 2020. Massport is currently advancing a series of initiatives to help reach its goals (see Table 1-1 ) in the areas of (1) energy and GHG emissions; (2) water conservation; (3) community, employee, and passenger well-being; (4) materials, waste management, and recycling; (5) resiliency; (6) noise abatement; (7) air quality improvement; (8) ground access and connectivity; (9) water quality/stormwater; and (10) natural resources. Each year since the publication of the Logan Airport SMP, Massport has continued to widen the lens of its sustainability and resiliency goals to incorporate its other aviation and maratime facilities. During 2020 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-30 and 2021, Massport also sought new avenues to be a better neighbor to surrounding communities— reducing noise and air pollution, improving ground access to Logan Airport, and extending Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DE&I) initiatives beyond its operational borders. Massport reports its progress towards achieving each goal, including changes in related performance, in sustainability reports. They highlight Massport’s progress towards improving sustainability and enhancing resiliency at its facilities. The last published Annual Sustainability and Resiliency Report , was released in 2019 and can also be found at: http://www.massport.com/massport/business/capital-improvements/sustainability/sustainability- management/ . A new report is forthcoming in 2022, which will outline performance throughout the global pandemic in fiscal years 2020 and 2021 and serve to close out the performance targets from the 2015 SMP. Massport looks ahead to announcing updated measurement and verification metrics in its pursuit of net zero emissions. Table 1-1 Logan Airport Sustainability Goals and Descriptions Sustainability Category Goal Sustainability Category Goal Energy and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Reduce energy intensity and GHG emissions while increasing the portion of Massport’s energy generated from renewable sources. Water Conservation Conserve regional water resources through reduced potable water consumption. Community, Employee, and Passenger Well-being Promote economically prosperous, equitable, and healthy communities, and passenger and employee well-being. Materials, Waste Management, and Recycling Reduce waste generation, increase the recycling rate, and utilize environmentally- sound materials. Resiliency Become an innovative and national model for resiliency planning and implementation among port authorities. Noise Abatement Minimize noise impacts from Logan Airport operations and expand sound insulation program. Air Quality Improvement Decrease air pollutant emissions from Massport sources. Ground Access and Connectivity Provide superior ground access to Logan Airport through alternative and high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) travel modes. Water Quality/Stormwater Protect water quality and minimize discharge of pollutants. Natural Resources Protect and restore natural resources near Massport facilities. Introduction/Executive Summary 1-31 Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED ® )-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport The United States Green Building Council’s (USGBC’s) LEED rating system is the most widely recognized third-party green building certification system in North America. Massport is striving to achieve LEED certification for new construction and major renovation building projects over 20,000 square feet. For a full list of LEED Certifications see Figure 1- 8 and Table 1-2 . Figure 1- 8 LEED-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-32 Table 1-2 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport Massport Projects Terminal A (LEED Certified) 2006 First airport terminal in the world to be LEED Certified Priority curb locations for high-occupancy vehicles (HOVs) and bicycles Retrofitting with solar panels on the Terminal A roof Stormwater filtration Reflective roof Water use reduction features Natural daylighting paired with advanced lighting technologies for energy efficiency Use of recycled and regionally sourced materials Measures to enhance indoor air quality Green Bus Depot (LEED Silver) 2014 Rooftop solar panels Water and energy saving features Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction New shuttle fleet including clean diesel/electric hybrid buses and compressed natural gas (CNG) buses Sustainably grown, harvested, produced, and transported building materials Rental Car Center (RCC) (LEED Gold) 2015 Green building materials Rooftop solar panels Bike and pedestrian access and connections Natural day lighting and advanced lighting technologies for energy efficiency Use of recycled and regionally sourced materials Enhanced indoor air quality Plug-in stations for electric vehicles and other alternative fuel sources such as E-85 (ethanol) Rental car fleets which include hybrid/alternative fuel/low emitting vehicles Pedestrian connections Bicycle facilities and employee showers/changing Water reclamation for vehicle wash water, and use of stormwater for non-potable uses such as vehicle washing and landscaping irrigation VMT reduction Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-33 Table 1-2 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport (Continued) Massport Projects (Continued) Terminal E New Large Aircraft Wing (LEED Gold – Commercial Interiors) 2017 Reduces heat island effect by providing a reflective white roof and a light color concrete tarmac Low-flow water fixtures and water closets Efficient light fixtures and efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system Use of renewable energy sources Recycled and regionally sourced materials Enhanced indoor air quality Solar-thermal domestic hot water system to heat 100 percent of the wing’s domestic water needs Terminal B Gates 37-38 (LEED Gold – Commercial Interiors) 2019 Energy Star-Certified Equipment FSC-Certified wood products used in the facility Expansive windows and outdoor views Terminal B Optimization (LEED Silver) 2022 Energy conservation measures implemented for improved performance Recycled or local materials utilized where feasible Reused over half of the prior building structure or envelope Significant construction and demolition waste diversion Implemented water conservation measures to reduce potable water use Facility designed to maximize outdoor views and lighting Projects Actively Pursuing LEED Certification Terminal C-B Connector Energy efficient exterior and interior lighting Incorporate high-performance glazing on transparent curtain walls Installation of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure for electric Ground Support Equipment Energy efficient HVAC systems provide annual energy savings over baseline Heat island effect reduced with selected roof material and surface materials in the surrounding site Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-34 Climate and Resiliency Planning As the Boston area will continue to experience increased temperatures, more frequent extreme weather events, and higher sea level due to climate change, 23 Massport understands the importance of preparing for impacts to protect and enhance its critical infrastructure, operational assets, and workforce. Through robust planning and regional collaboration, Massport strives to continue its leadership role in resiliency planning among port authorities, the airport industry, and the Boston region. 23 City of Boston. 2016. Climate Ready Boston . https://www.boston.gov/sites/default/files/climatereadyeastbostoncharlestown_finalreport_web.pdf. Table 1-2 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-Certified Facilities at Logan Airport (Continued) Projects Actively Pursuing LEED Certification (Continued) Terminal E Modernization View Dynamic Glazing on the hold room curtainwall system to reduce glare and solar gain allowing for the reduction of the overall cooling loads Onyx Photovoltaic Glazing on the southern elevation that provides electrical energy generation and provides a solar screen that also eliminates glare and reduces the overall cooling loads Displacement ventilation throughout the Great Hall Holdroom and Concourse space that provides a 17 percent increase in HVAC energy efficiency All new critical infrastructure equipment is elevated above the established 100 year storm level providing sustainability and resiliency Tenant Projects Signature Flight Support General Aviation Facility (LEED Certified) 2008 Mechanisms to reduce water use Natural day lighting with advanced lighting technologies for energy efficiency Window glazing and sunshades to maximize daylight and minimize heat build-up Recycled and regionally sourced materials Measures to enhance indoor air quality Nouria Service Center (LEED Silver) 2020 Energy efficient lighting and HVAC systems Installed efficient water fixtures Installed rooftop Solar PV array Installed DC-Fast Chargers for EV Vehicles Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-35 At the end of 2013, Massport initiated a Disaster and Infrastructure Resiliency Planning (DIRP) Study for Logan Airport, the Port of Boston, and Massport’s waterfront assets in South and East Boston. The DIRP Study includes a hazard analysis, modeling sea-level rise and storm surge, and projections of temperature, precipitation, and anticipated increases in extreme weather events. The DIRP Study provides recommendations regarding short-term strategies to make Massport’s facilities more resilient to the likely effects of climate change. In 2014, the study was completed, and implementation of adaptation initiatives began in late 2014. In addition to the DIRP Study and its related initiatives, Massport has completed an Authority-wide risk assessment, as part of its strategic planning initiative; issued a Floodproofing Design Guide ; and has developed a resilience framework to provide consistent metrics for short- and long-term planning and protection of its critical facilities and infrastructure. Beyond infrastructure resiliency, Massport is also focused on incorporating social and economic resilience into its long-term operational and capital planning. Massport’s Floodproofing Design Guide was published in November 2014 and updated in November 2018. Operational aspects of resiliency strategy include the development of Flood Operations Plans for Logan Airport and Massport maritime facilities. These plans were introduced in 2014 and included the planned deployment of temporary flood barriers to protect up to 12 locations of critical infrastructure in the event of severe weather. Additional locations have been permanently enhanced to prevent flooding. The flood operations plans are evaluated annually to enhance their effectiveness and to adapt to evolving requirements and past experiences. Between 2020 and 2021, Massport conducted a tabletop exercises for Aviation and Maritime in preparation for extreme storm events such as hurricanes. Massport reports on progress towards resiliency goals in its annual sustainability reports. Additional information about Massport’s resiliency programs are available at: http://www.massport.com/massport/business/capital-improvements/sustainability/climate-change- adaptation-and-resiliency/ . Massport Partnerships and Community Support Massport has a long-standing commitment to be a good neighbor. Working in concert with government, community, and civic leaders throughout Massachusetts and New England, Massport is an active participant in efforts that improve the quality of life for residents living near Massport’s facilities. Massport awarded science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) and memorial scholarships to six students from Boston neighborhoods in 2021. Each year, high school students are selected to receive two Diversity STEM Scholarships and the Thomas J. Butler, Deborah Hadden Gray, Donna Rauseo, and Lowell L. Richards III Memorial Scholarships based on their academic achievements, post-secondary educational plans, and a demonstrated commitment to community service. Since 2007, Massport has awarded Diversity STEM Scholarships to 42 students of color who plan to pursue degrees in a STEM field. Since 2011, Massport has awarded the memorial scholarships to 34 students. Massport also provides annual scholarship grants to local high schools for students in Charlestown, Chelsea, East Boston, South Boston, Revere, and Winthrop. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-36 Furthermore, in 2020 and 2021, Massport employees continued to participate in community activities including a children’s winter coat drive, Veterans Day thank you letters, Thanksgiving food drive, and a children’s backpack drive, among others. Lastly, as an engine for economic growth, Massport continually strives to extend economic opportunities and create equity for diverse people and businesses, internally and in our surrounding communities. Open Space/Buffer Program Massport has invested in an extensive open space program to enhance the surrounding communities. Massport initially committed over $15 million for the planning, construction, and maintenance of four Airport edge buffer areas and two parks along Logan Airport’s perimeter. These buffers include the Bayswater Embankment Airport Edge Buffer, Navy Fuel Pier Buffer, and the Southwest Service Area (SWSA) Buffer (Phases I and II). The award-winning Piers Park was completed in 1995 and has since become part of a network of greenspace that traverses East Boston from the Jeffries Point waterfront, through Bremen Street Park and the adjacent Massport Greenway Connector to Constitution Beach. Adjacent to the current Piers Park, Piers Park Phase II will add approximately 4.2 acres of green space to the East Boston waterfront upon completion. Permitting for Piers Park II was completed in 2022; groundbreaking was held in October 2022 with construction scheduled to be complete by the end of 2023. Studies are also underway by the Trustees of Reservations for a Piers Park Phase III, which would turn an aging pier into a 3.6-acre greenspace including resiliency features to help protect the neighborhood from flooding and sea level rise. Today, East Boston enjoys 3.3 miles and more than 33 acres of green space developed or managed by Massport, in partnership with and in response to engagement with the East Boston community. More information can be found in Chapter 3, Airport Planning . Figure 1-9 Parks Owned and Operated by Massport and City of Boston Source: VHB. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-37 Organization of the 2020/2021 EDR The remainder of this EDR includes: Spanish Executive Summary provides a translated version of the Executive Summary included after the English-version of Chapter 1, Introduction/Executive Summary . Chapter 2, Activity Levels , presents aviation activity statistics for Logan Airport in 2020 and 2021 with a comparison to previous years. The specific activity measures discussed include air passengers, aircraft operations, fleet mix, and cargo/mail volumes. Chapter 3, Airport Planning , provides an overview of planning, construction, and permitting activities that occurred at Logan Airport in 2020 and 2021. It also describes known future planning, construction, and permitting activities and initiatives. Chapter 4, Regional Transportation , describes activity levels at New England’s regional airports in 2020 and 2021 and updates recent regional planning activities. Chapter 5 , Ground Access to and from Logan Airport , reports on transit ridership, roadways, traffic volumes, and parking for 2020 and 2021 with a comparison to previous years. Chapter 6, Noise Abatement , updates the status of the noise environment at Logan Airport in 2020 and 2021 with a comparison to previous years, and describes Massport’s efforts to reduce noise levels. Chapter 7, Air Quality/Emissions Reduction , provides an overview of Airport-related air quality in 2020 and 2021 with a comparison to previous years, and efforts to reduce emissions. Chapter 8, Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality , describes Massport’s ongoing environmental management activities including NPDES compliance, stormwater, fuel spills, activities under the Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP), and tank management. Chapter 9, Environmentally Beneficial Measures and Project Mitigation Tracking , provides an overview of Massport’s programs and initiatives that provide environmental benefits and reports on Massport’s progress in meeting its MEPA Section 61 24 mitigation commitments for specific Airport projects. MEPA Appendices : These include the Secretary’s Certificate on the 2018/2019 EDR and comment letters received on the 2018/2019 EDR and responses to those comments, Secretary’s Certificates on the EDRs/ESPRs issued for reporting years 2011 through 2017, a list of reviewers to whom this EDR was distributed, and a proposed scope for the 2022 ESPR . Also included in this section are the Secretary’s Certificates on the Terminal E Modernization Project ENF, Draft EA/EIR, Final EA/EIR, and the Secretary’s Certificate on the Logan Airport Parking Project ENF, DEIR, and FEIR. Appendix A – MEPA Certificates and Responses to Comments Appendix B – Comment Letters and Responses 24 Massachusetts General Law, Chapter 30, Section 61 (M.G.L. c. 30, § 61) states that all agencies must review, evaluate, and determine environmental impacts of all projects or activities and shall use all practicable means and measures to minimize damage to the environment. For projects requiring an Environmental Impact Report, Section 61 Findings will specify all feasible measures to be taken to avoid or mitigate environmental impacts, the party responsible for funding the mitigation measures, and the anticipated implementation schedule for mitigation measures. Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introduction/Executive Summary 1-38 Appendix C – Proposed Scope for the 2022 ESPR Appendix D – Distribution List Technical Appendices: 25 These include detailed analytical data and methodological documentation for the various environmental analyses presented in and conducted for this EDR. Appendix E – Activity Levels Appendix F – Regional Transportation Appendix G – Ground Access Appendix H – Noise Abatement Appendix I – Air Quality/Emissions Reduction Appendix J – Environmental Compliance and Management/Water Quality Appendix K – Peak Period Pricing Monitoring Reports 25 Technical appendices are available on Massport’s website at www.massport.com . Boston Logan International Airport 2020/2021 EDR Introducción/Resumen Ejecutivo (Spanish Executive Summary) EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-1 1 Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo Introducción Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) continúa con su práctica de más de cuatro décadas de brindar un registro exhaustivo sobre las tendencias medioambientales, el planeamiento de las instalaciones, los niveles de operaciones y de pasajeros del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston (Aeropuerto Logan o Aeropuerto) y los compromisos de mitigación de Massport en este Informe de datos medioambientales (Environmental Data Report, EDR) del 2020/2021. A petición del secretario de la Oficina Ejecutiva de Asuntos Energéticos y Medioambientales ( Energy and Environmental Affairs , EEA) de Massachusetts, este EDR del 2020/2021 combina los datos y el análisis de los años naturales 2020 y 2021. En este EDR, se informa sobre los años 2020 y 2021, reflejando los cambios significativos en el Aeropuerto Logan y en toda la industria de la aviación que ocurrieron como resultado de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en curso. Massport se ha esforzado por incluir, según la disponibilidad, actualizaciones relevantes hasta el otoño del 2022 cuando las condiciones actuales dieron lugar a cambios en los proyectos o programas que estaban vigentes en el 2019 y antes. A finales del 2020, el total de operaciones de vuelo se redujo aproximadamente en un 50 % y los niveles de pasajeros disminuyeron alrededor del 70 % en comparación con el cierre del 2019, cayendo a niveles de actividad que no se habían visto desde la década de 1970. Sin embargo, las operaciones de las aeronaves aumentaron en el 2021, con un total de operaciones de vuelo y niveles de pasajeros que se recuperaron hasta aproximadamente el 62 % y el 53 %, respectivamente, de los niveles del 2019, lo que mostró un retorno gradual hacia los niveles del 2019. Los descensos del tráfico aéreo causados por recesiones económicas y otros «choques», como los sucesos del 11 de septiembre del 2001 y la Gran Recesión (Crisis Financiera Mundial [CFM]) de 2008/2009, han ido seguidos de ciclos de recuperación gradual, como se muestra en la Figura 1-1 , evidenciados por una recuperación de cinco años tras los sucesos del 11 de septiembre del 2001 y una recuperación de tres años tras la CFM. A nivel nacional, como se muestra en la Figura 1-2 , el 80 % de la recuperación de los niveles de demanda de 2019 se produjo en julio de 2021, ya que las restricciones de viaje se relajaron y las vacunas estuvieron ampliamente disponibles. En diciembre del 2021, la demanda de pasajeros en los aeropuertos de los EE. UU. se recuperó a aproximadamente el 83 % de los niveles del 2019. Gran parte de la recuperación restante dependerá del regreso tanto de los viajes de negocios como de los internacionales, ya que la capacidad nacional en todo los Estados Unidos ha vuelto casi por completo a los niveles del 2019. La recuperación total también se verá afectada por la dotación de personal de las aerolíneas. Como se muestra en la Figura 1-3 , la demanda en Boston, aunque está cerca de volver al 70 por ciento de los niveles del 2019 a finales del 2021, se ha retrasado respecto a la demanda nacional entre un 10 y un 15 por ciento. Esto coincide con los patrones de recuperación de otros mercados urbanos costeros en los que los viajes EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-2 de negocios y los viajes internacionales han tardado más en volver a los niveles anteriores a la pandemia. Se espera que los niveles de actividad de los pasajeros internacionales en el Aeropuerto Logan vuelvan en 2022 y más adelante. La COVID-19 está afectando de una manera sin precedentes no solo la industria de la aviación sino la economía mundial. Mientras que la preocupación inmediata y más apremiante es el costo humano, la COVID-19 ha creado profundas implicaciones para casi todos los negocios e industrias. El impacto en la aviación ha sido particularmente grave. La situación cambia a diario y sigue habiendo una incertidumbre considerable en cuanto al impacto a corto y largo plazo de la pandemia. Fuente: Massport. Notas: Terminal del Aeropuerto Logan (izquierda) y zona de recogida de equipajes (derecha) durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Como resultado de esta significativa reducción en la actividad del Aeropuerto y la dramática reducción de los ingresos, tanto Massport, las aerolíneas y otros locatarios han tenido que ajustar y reducir sus operaciones en el 2020 y 2021. En respuesta a esto, el cronograma de varios proyectos y programas del Aeropuerto han sido revisados y retrasados. Para brindar la mayor transparencia posible, en el Capítulo 3, Planeación aeroportuaria, se incluyen las actualizaciones más recientes del proyecto hasta septiembre de 2022. Los próximos EDR e informes de situación y planificación medioambiental ( Environmental Status and Planning Reports , ESPR) seguirán proporcionando actualizaciones, según estén disponibles. En general, Massport sigue evaluando y planificando la recuperación de las operaciones de las aeronaves y la actividad de los pasajeros aéreos, y sigue comprometida con la aplicación de la amplia gama de estrategias ambientales y operativas destinadas a reducir los impactos asociados a las operaciones del Aeropuerto. EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-3 Figura 1-1 Patrón de recuperación del Aeropuerto Logan ante eventos de choque externo Fuente: InterVISTAS; estadísticas de tráfico de Massport. CFM, Crisis Financiera Mundial (Gran Recesión). Figura 1-2: Rendimiento promedio de siete días de la Administración de Seguridad en el Transporte (Transportation Security Administration, TSA) en los EE. UU. Aeropuertos, de 2019 a 2021 Fuente: Informes diarios de la TSA. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Millions 9/11 GFC COVID-19 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 Millions 2021 2020 2019 EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-4 Figura 1-3: Rendimiento mensual según la TSA de enero de 2020 a diciembre de 2021, en comparación con 2019 Fuente: Informes diarios de la TSA. El Aeropuerto Logan, cuyo propietario y operador es Massport, cumple una función clave en las redes de transporte de pasajeros y de carga en el área metropolitana de Boston y de Nueva Inglaterra. Es el principal aeropuerto del área metropolitana de Boston, el aeropuerto más importante de Nueva Inglaterra en cuanto a los servicios de larga distancia y una gran puerta de entrada internacional a los EE. UU. para los servicios transatlánticos. Los límites del Aeropuerto abarcan alrededor de 970 hectáreas en el Este de Boston y Winthrop, incluidas aproximadamente 283 hectáreas en el puerto de Boston. El aeródromo del Aeropuerto Logan comprende seis pistas, alrededor de 24 140 metros de pistas para carreteo y aproximadamente 97 hectáreas de plataformas de cemento y asfalto. El Aeropuerto Logan tiene cuatro terminales de pasajeros interconectadas (Terminales A, B, C y E), cada una con sus propias instalaciones de emisión de pasajes, reclamo de equipaje y transporte terrestre. El Aeropuerto está a menos de cinco kilómetros del centro de Boston y se puede acceder a este por líneas de transporte público, numerosas líneas de autobuses directas y un sistema de carreteras bien conectadas. Massport también brinda el servicio de autobuses Logan Express desde y hacia el Aeropuerto Logan para los pasajeros de vuelos y para los empleados de una serie de aparcamientos de incentivo. Este EDR 2020/2021 pertenece a una serie de documentos de revisión medioambiental anual entregados al secretario de la Oficina Ejecutiva de Energía y Asuntos Medioambientales (Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, EEA) en cumplimiento con la Ley de Políticas Medioambientales de Massachusetts -100% -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% Logan Airport Nation EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-5 (Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act, MEPA). 1 Desde 1979, Massport presenta estos documentos para informar los efectos medioambientales acumulados de las operaciones y de las actividades del Aeropuerto Logan. El Aeropuerto Logan es el primer aeropuerto del país para el que se confeccionó una evaluación medioambiental anual sobre las actividades aeroportuarias y Massport continúa siendo líder en informes medioambientales. Aproximadamente cada cinco años, Massport confecciona un ESPR, que brinda un panorama histórico y prospectivo del Aeropuerto Logan. Los EDR, que se confeccionan anualmente en los intervalos entre los ESPR, brindan una revisión histórica de las condiciones medioambientales para el año que se informa en comparación con el año anterior. Este EDR 2020/2021 sigue al EDR 2018/2019 e informa sobre las condiciones de 2018 y 2019 . En el último ESPR, se utilizó el 2017 como año de base. Mientras Massport y toda la industria de la aviación continúan ajustándose a la evolución de las condiciones operativas, nosotros seguimos evaluando los impactos actuales y futuros de la pandemia. Cuando es posible, este EDR incluye información relevante y actualizaciones. Sin embargo, se abordarán proyecciones y análisis más detallados en el próximo ESPR 2022. A petición de la Secretaria tras su revisión del EDR 2018/2019 , se ordenó a Massport que preparara este EDR 2020/2021 combinado y su alcance fue establecido por la certificación del secretario sobre el EDR 2018/2019 de fecha 19 de marzo de 2021, que se incluye en el Apéndice A, Certificaciones y respuestas a los comentarios de la MEPA . Este EDR cumple todos los requisitos establecidos en la certificación del secretario en el ESPR 2018/2019, incluye respuestas a los comentarios en la certificación del secretario, y actualiza y compara los datos presentados en el EDR 2018/2019 sobre los siguientes temas: Para mejorar la utilidad de este EDR como documento de referencia para los revisores, este informe también presenta datos históricos sobre las condiciones medioambientales en el Aeropuerto Logan desde 1990, en las instancias en que hay información histórica disponible. Cuando corresponde y está disponible, este EDR también incluye actualizaciones hasta el otoño del 2022. 1 Capítulo 30 de las leyes generales de Massachusetts, secciones 61-62H. La MEPA se implementa mediante las reglamentaciones publicadas en el Código de Normas de Massachusetts (Code of Massachusetts Regulations, CMR) 301 11.00 (las reglamentaciones de la MEPA). Niveles de actividad (incluidas las operaciones de las aeronaves, las actividades de los pasajeros y los volúmenes de carga) Planeación aeroportuaria (incluidas las actividades que están en curso y los proyectos venideros) Calidad del aire/Reducción de emisiones Calidad del agua/Cumplimiento medioambiental Función del Aeropuerto Logan en la red de transporte regional Sustentabilidad y resiliencia Acceso terrestre desde y hacia el Aeropuerto Medidas medioambientales beneficiosas y compromisos de mitigación Disminución del ruido EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-6 Este EDR incluye una traducción al español de este capítulo. Esta versión traducida se incluye después de la versión en inglés del resumen ejecutivo. EEA n.° 3247 Presentada por Massachusetts Port Authority One Harborside Drive, Suite 200S East Boston, MA 02128 Stewart Dalzell, director adjunto - Planificación Ambiental y Permisos Planificación estratégica y de negocios (617) 568-3524 Brad Washburn, gerente de Planificación Ambiental y Permisos, Planificación Estratégica y de Negocios (617) 568-3546 Proceso de revisión medioambiental del Aeropuerto Logan Este EDR del 2020/2021 es la próxima presentación de Massport en su proceso de revisión medioambiental estatal formal, único, pero bien consolidado, que evalúa los impactos medioambientales acumulados del Aeropuerto Logan. Los documentos brindan un contexto actual e histórico frente al cual los proyectos individuales del Aeropuerto Logan que alcanzan umbrales de revisión medioambiental estatales y federales se evalúan sobre las bases de proyectos específicos. A continuación, se describen los procesos de revisión medioambiental específicos del proyecto para todo el Aeropuerto. Contexto histórico para el proceso de EDR/ESPR del Aeropuerto Logan En 1979, el secretario de la EEA emitió un certificado solicitando a Massport que defina, evalúe y divulgue cada tres años el impacto del crecimiento a largo plazo del Aeropuerto a través de un Informe de impactos medioambientales genérico (Generic Environmental Impact Report, GEIR). En el certificado también se solicitaron actualizaciones anuales provisorias para brindar datos sobre las condiciones para los años entre los GEIR. El GEIR evolucionó hasta transformarse en una herramienta de planificación eficaz para Massport y brindó proyecciones de condiciones medioambientales para que los efectos acumulados de los proyectos individuales se puedan evaluar dentro de un contexto más amplio. La EEA eliminó los GEIR después de las revisiones de 1998 para sus reglamentaciones de la MEPA. Sin embargo, la certificación del secretario sobre la actualización anual de 1997 2 propuso un proceso de análisis medioambiental revisado para el Aeropuerto Logan lo que dio como resultado la confección de los EDR/ESPR de Massport subsiguientes. El EPRS más amplio brinda un análisis de largo alcance de las operaciones, de los 2 Certificación del secretario de la Oficina Ejecutiva de Asuntos Medioambientales sobre la actualización anual del Aeropuerto Logan de 1997, emitida el 16 de octubre de 1998. EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-7 pasajeros y de los impactos acumulativos, mientras que los EDR se confeccionan anualmente para brindar una revisión de las condiciones medioambientales para el año que se informa en comparación con el año anterior. Se desarrolló el proceso del EDR/ESPR para permitir que se analicen los proyectos individuales en el Aeropuerto Logan en un contexto más amplio en todo el Aeropuerto. Como se estableció en la introducción del ESPR de 1999, “mientras que el ESPR y el EDR de Logan brindan el contexto amplio de la planificación para los proyectos propuestos para el Aeropuerto Logan y los conceptos de planificación futuros que Massport analiza, no se puede crear ningún proyecto sólido en las bases de inclusión y análisis en el ESPR de 1999” . Luego, establece que los proyectos que cumplen con los umbrales de revisión de la MEPA o Ley Nacional de Políticas Medioambientales (National Environmental Policy Act, NEPA) deben someterse a estos procesos, si es necesario. En resumen, los EDR/ESPR brindan un contexto de planificación acumulada que complementa las presentaciones individuales específicas del proyecto. En el 2018 y 2019, si bien los niveles de pasajeros tuvieron un crecimiento significativo y alcanzaron nuevos niveles máximos, las operaciones de las aeronaves y los efectos medioambientales asociados se mantuvieron bien por debajo de los niveles analizados previamente para el Aeropuerto Logan. Por lo tanto, el crecimiento de la aviación pronosticado presentado en el ESPR del 2004, la afirmación sobre la que se estableció inicialmente el cronograma del ESPR, no se produjo. En consecuencia, con la aprobación del secretario, Massport confeccionó los EDR del 2009 y del 2010 en lugar del ESPR originalmente planeado para el 2009. El ESPR del 2011, presentado a principios del 2013, informó sobre el año natural del 2011 y los pronósticos de los niveles actualizados de las actividades de los pasajeros y de las operaciones de las aeronaves. El EDR del 2012/2013 conjunto presentó condiciones para ambos años naturales, 2012 y 2013. En el EDR del 2014, el EDR del 2015 y el EDR del 2016 se presentaron las condiciones para los años naturales del 2014, 2015 y 2016. Del mismo modo, con el fuerte crecimiento de pasajeros y la evolución de las tendencias de acceso terrestre con la industria emergente de las aplicaciones de transporte en coche (antes denominadas empresas de redes de transporte [transportation network companies, TNC]), la EEA permitió a Massport aplazar el ESPR del 2016 . El ESPR del 2017 proporcionó un análisis integral acumulado de los niveles de actividad y de las condiciones medioambientales para el 2017 y un horizonte de planeación futura. En el ESPR, Massport propuso confeccionar un EDR del 2018/2019 conjunto para informar los efectos de todas las actividades del Aeropuerto Logan basadas en la actividad de pasajeros y en las operaciones de las aeronaves reales en el 2018 y 2019. Como se señaló anteriormente, debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, el Secretario exigió a Massport que presentara un EDR del 2020/2021 combinado para comenzar a evaluar las tendencias de crecimiento posteriores a la pandemia. Aunque este informe se centra en gran medida en los años 2020 y 2021, Massport ha anotado los puntos destacados de recuperación preliminares que se evaluarán con más detalle en el ESPR del 2022. Si corresponde, Massport continuará identificando y abordando cualquier tendencia de aviación y medioambiental a largo plazo tanto en los EDR como en los ESPR. Revisión específica del proyecto Aunque esta revisión de todo el Aeropuerto brinda el contexto de planificación más amplio para los proyectos propuestos y para los conceptos de planificación futuros, determinados proyectos del Aeropuerto también están sujetos al proceso público de revisión medioambiental específico del proyecto cuando cumplen los umbrales de revisión medioambiental estatal. Cuando se requiere, los locatarios de Massport y del Aeropuerto presentan EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-8 formularios de notificación ambiental (Environmental Notification Forms, ENF) e informes de impacto ambiental (Environmental Impact Reports, EIR) de conformidad con la MEPA. De manera similar, cuando se desencadena la revisión medioambiental de la NEPA, se revisan los proyectos de acuerdo con el proceso de revisión medioambiental de la NEPA. 3 Massport entiende que la MEPA modificó su reglamento en 301 CMR 11.00 a partir del 24 de diciembre de 2021. Además, la MEPA publicó el Protocolo Provisional de la MEPA sobre Adaptación y Resiliencia al Cambio Climático , en vigencia para todas las nuevas presentaciones a partir del 1 de octubre de 2021, y el Protocolo de Participación Pública para las Poblaciones de Justicia Medioambiental de la MEPA y el Protocolo Provisional de la MEPA para el Análisis de los Impactos del Proyecto en las Poblaciones de Justicia Medioambiental , en vigencia para todas las nuevas presentaciones a partir del 1 de enero de 2022. Todos los proyectos del Aeropuerto Logan que se presenten ante la MEPA cumplirán con estas normas y protocolos modificados. En los futuros EDR y ESPR, se documentarán los compromisos de mitigación de sus proyectos que apoyan estas actualizaciones en el capítulo 9, Medidas beneficiosas para el medioambiente y seguimiento de la mitigación del proyecto Los proyectos actuales y futuros potenciales que se prevé que se sometan a la revisión de conformidad con la MEPA y/o NEPA se analizan en el Capítulo 3, Planeación aeroportuaria. Divulgación del EDR de 2020/2021 Aunque los EDR y ESPR no son proyectos sujetos al Protocolo de Participación Pública de la MEPA para Poblaciones de Justicia Ambiental , Massport reconoce la importancia de un robusto enfoque de divulgación para asegurar que la comunidad conozca estos informes y tenga la oportunidad de revisarlos y hacer comentarios. La lista de distribución de los informes EDR y ESPR se actualiza periódicamente para incluir a numerosas organizaciones, residentes y organismos que han expresado su interés en estos informes. Además, el Resumen Ejecutivo se ha traducido y continuará siendo traducido al español. Sin embargo, a la luz del Protocolo de Participación Pública de la MEPA para las Poblaciones de Justicia Medioambiental , Massport se ha embarcado en un proceso de divulgación ampliado para este EDR de 2020/2021 , y tiene la intención de seguir desarrollando su enfoque de divulgación para futuras presentaciones. Se implementaron las siguientes medidas para esta presentación: Publicar un anuncio en las redes sociales notificando a la comunidad sobre la próxima presentación. Distribuir el EDR de 2020/2021 electrónicamente a la Lista de Referencia de Justicia Medioambiental (Environmental Justice, EJ) proporcionada por la MEPA para el reciente Proyecto de Mejora de la Zona de Seguridad de la Pista 9-27 de Massport. 3 42 USC Sección 4321 et seq. La Administración Federal de Aviación (Federal Aviation Administration, FAA) implementa la NEPA mediante la ordenanza 1050.1F, Impactos medioambientales, de la FAA: Políticas y procedimientos, Administración Federal de Aviación, Departamento de Transporte de los Estados Unidos, fecha de entrada en vigor: 16 de julio de 2015. Este Resumen Ejecutivo está disponible en otros idiomas a solicitud. Comuníquese con Brad Washburn al 617-568-3546 o en Bwashburn@massport.com. EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-9 Incluir una referencia en este Resumen Ejecutivo, en la carta de presentación y en el Aviso de Disponibilidad que se envió a los revisores, de que este Resumen Ejecutivo está disponible en otros idiomas si se solicita. Traducir el aviso de disponibilidad al español. Traducir el Resumen Ejecutivo al español. Publicar el EDR del 2020/2021 en el sitio web de Massport al momento de la presentación ante la MEPA, permitiendo aproximadamente una semana más de tiempo para revisión. Preparar y publicar en el sitio web de Massport ( https://www.massport.com/massport/about- massport/project-environmental-filings/logan-airport/ ) las hojas de datos en inglés y en español que estará disponible durante el período de comentarios del EDR del 2020/2021 . Además, Massport reconoce la importancia del compromiso continuo con la comunidad y las organizaciones. A continuación, se destacan algunos de estos esfuerzos de compromiso: Massport renovó un acuerdo para proporcionar financiación al Centro de Salud Comunitario de East Boston para ayudar a ampliar los esfuerzos de su Programa de Prevención y Tratamiento del Asma y la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) en East Boston y Winthrop, que proporciona servicios que incluyen exámenes para niños, distribución de kits para el asma y visitas a domicilio, entre otros. Massport apoya, cuando es posible, al Comité Asesor Comunitario (Community Advisory Committee, CAC) de Massport. El CAC de Massport es un órgano legislativo estatal que colabora con Massport en una serie de temas relacionados con la Autoridad, entre los que se incluyen las cuestiones medioambientales. Se puede obtener más información acerca del CAC de Massport en https://massportcac.org/ . Contexto de la planificación del Aeropuerto Logan El Aeropuerto Logan cumple una función clave en las redes de transporte de pasajeros y de mercadería del área metropolitana de Boston y de Nueva Inglaterra. El Aeropuerto es uno de los aeropuertos con la mayor limitación terrestre del país y está rodeado en tres laterales por el puerto de Boston (consulte las Figuras 1-4 y 1-5 ). Crecimiento de la actividad de pasajeros y de aeronaves en el Aeropuerto Logan Al igual que el resto de la industria aeroportuaria estadounidense, el Aeropuerto Logan ha experimentado un fuerte descenso de la actividad de las aerolíneas y del volumen de pasajeros en los dos últimos años. Los diferentes estados y regiones dentro de los Estados Unidos han diferido en su respuesta a las restricciones de la COVID-19, lo que a su vez reflejó la voluntad de los consumidores de reanudar los viajes hacia y desde determinados mercados. El resultado neto es que la recuperación del transporte aéreo en el Aeropuerto Logan sigue siendo un trabajo en curso. Aunque en 2020 los pasajeros cayeron a niveles de actividad no vistos desde la EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-10 década de 1970, en 2021 el Aeropuerto mostró un retorno gradual hacia los niveles de 2019 ( Figura 1-6 ). En el año 2022, se ha visto una mayor recuperación, pero no en los niveles previos a la pandemia. A partir de marzo de 2020, el Aeropuerto Logan experimentó reducciones dramáticas de los niveles de pasajeros y vuelos asociados con la pandemia de la COVID-19. Los niveles de actividad de pasajeros alcanzaron un total de aproximadamente 12,6 millones en 2020, una disminución del 70,3 por ciento en comparación con los niveles de 2019. El número total de operaciones de aeronaves en el Aeropuerto Logan se redujo en un 51,6 %, pasando de 427 176 operaciones en 2019 (que fue un máximo histórico desde 2001) a 206 702 operaciones en el 2020. En 2021, el Aeropuerto continuó su senda de recuperación y añadió 10,0 millones de pasajeros, y terminó el año con unos 22,7 millones, recuperando aproximadamente el 53,3 % de los niveles de pasajeros de 2019. Las operaciones en el 2021 aumentaron a 266 034, lo que representó una recuperación del 62,3 % de los niveles del 2019. Terminal Complex " ) A " ) B " ) C " ) E 32 4R 33L 27 33R 22L 22R 15L 15R 4L 9 14 Boston Harbor South Boston East Boston Winthrop FIGURA 1-4 Vista aérea del Aeropuerto Logan Source: MassGIS Ortho Imagery (Spring 2021) i 0 900 1800 450 Feet Informe de datos medioambientales 2020/2021 1- 12 Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo FIGURA 1-5 Aeropuerto Logan y alrededores Source: USGS 2022 1- 12 Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo Informe de datos medioambientales 2020/2021 EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-13 Figura 1-6 Niveles de pasajeros anuales y operaciones de aeronaves en el Aeropuerto Logan (1990- 2021) Los niveles de actividad del Aeropuerto Logan están estrechamente ligados a la economía regional y nacional Los niveles de actividad del Aeropuerto Logan son impulsados ampliamente por las economías locales, regionales y nacionales. Tal como puede verse al observar las tendencias a largo plazo, está claro que cuando la economía es fuerte, el Aeropuerto Logan crece. Análogamente, las disminuciones más importantes en los niveles de pasajeros y en el funcionamiento de las aeronaves se observan muy cerca de perturbaciones nacionales e internacionales importantes. Ejemplos de las disminuciones más significativas incluyen la huelga de la Organización de Controladores Profesionales de Tráfico Aéreo (Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization, PATCO) en 1981, el 11 de septiembre del 2001, la Gran Recesión en el 2008/2009 y ahora la pandemia de la COVID-19. Cuando ha habido un crecimiento significativo, como se observó hasta el 2018 y el 2019, Massport ha puesto en práctica estrategias para abordar ese crecimiento de manera que permita que el Aeropuerto Logan evolucione de manera sostenible y ambientalmente responsable. El Aeropuerto Logan es el aeropuerto más grande de los seis estados de la región de Nueva Inglaterra, que tiene una población de aproximadamente 15,1 millones de residentes en el 2021. El Aeropuerto está ubicado en Massachusetts, que alberga a 7,0 millones de residentes o cerca del 46,6 por ciento de la población de Nueva Inglaterra hasta el 2021. El Aeropuerto Logan presta servicios a pasajeros de toda Nueva Inglaterra y la principal zona de influencia está compuesta por los siguientes cinco condados de 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 30,000,000 35,000,000 40,000,000 45,000,000 50,000,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 500,000 550,000 Pasajeros Operaciones Operations Passengers EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-14 Massachusetts: Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth y Suffolk (que incluye la ciudad de Boston). Según las estadísticas disponibles más recientes, 4,4 millones de personas residen en estos cinco condados. Antes de la COVID-19, el área metropolitana de Boston había mantenido en forma constante una menor tasa de desempleo que la de la Mancomunidad y que la del país. En 2019, el área estadística metropolitana de Boston tenía una tasa de desempleo del 2,8 por ciento, que era menor que la tasa de la Mancomunidad (3,1 por ciento) y que la del país /(3,7 por ciento). Incluso durante los años de la recesión económica de 2008/2009, Boston y la Mancomunidad sufrieron tasas de desempleo por debajo del promedio nacional. 4 Massachusetts registró recientemente una tasa de desempleo históricamente alta del 16,7 por ciento en abril del 2020, que fue mayor que la tasa de desempleo nacional del 14,4 por ciento el mismo mes. 5 Después de alcanzar tasas de desempleo récord en el punto álgido de la pandemia en 2020, la tasa de desempleo de la Mancomunidad continuó bajando de forma constante en los meses restantes del 2020 y a lo largo del 2021, cayendo al 4,1 % en diciembre del 2021. El Aeropuerto no solo atiende a una población en crecimiento, sino también a una población con mayores ingresos. El ingreso per capital en el 2020 fue de USD 85 724 (dólares estadounidenses actuales) en el área de servicios principal del Aeropuerto, 11,3 por ciento más alta que en la Mancomunidad y 44,9 por ciento más alta que el promedio nacional. 6 El Aeropuerto Logan es un recurso de transporte y económico clave en la región de Nueva Inglaterra, en el estado y en el área metropolitana de Boston, que alberga una gran variedad de industrias y cuenta con una población relativamente más rica en comparación con el promedio de los EE. UU. Las industrias con la mayor cantidad de empleados incluyen la atención médica y la asistencia social, 7 los servicios educativos, profesionales, científicos y tecnológicos (que incluyen la creciente industria biotecnológica de Boston). 8 En 2019, Boston/Cambridge, la mayor agrupación biofarmacéutica del país, se comprometió a impulsar la salud digital a través de la creación de una base de datos de registros sanitarios digitales en la que se espera que la industria crezca hasta generar más de USD 350 000 millones de dólares en valor anual para el 2025. 9 Incluso durante el apogeo de la pandemia mundial, que provocó una recesión económica en otros sectores empresariales, la industria biofarmacéutica de la Mancomunidad siguió prosperando, añadiendo unos 85 000 puestos de trabajo y recaudando más de USD 5800 millones en capital de riesgo. Además de respaldar el crecimiento y éxito económico del estado, el Aeropuerto Logan y la industria aeroportuaria siempre han sido elementos importantes para la economía estatal y regional. La Actualización del estudio del impacto económico del aeropuerto estatal de Massachusetts, realizada por el 4 Oficina de estadística laboral (Bureau of Labor Statistics) de los EE. UU. 2020. 5 Oficina de estadística laboral (Bureau of Labor Statistics) de los EE. UU. 6 Departamento de Comercio, Oficina de Análisis Económico de los EE. UU. (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis). Los últimos datos para el área estadística metropolitana fueron los del 2020. 7 Subsector de asistencia social del Sistema de Clasificación Industrial de América del Norte e incluye los servicios individuales y familiares; los servicios comunitarios de alimentación y vivienda, y los servicios de emergencia y otros servicios de ayuda; los servicios de rehabilitación profesional; y los servicios de guardería. Oficina de estadística laboral (Bureau of Labor Statistics) de los EE. UU. 2019. Panorama de las industrias - Asistencia social: NAICS 624. https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag624.htm . 8 Oficina de Censos a través de Data USA. 2019. Boston-Cambridge, Newton, perfil del área metropolitana MA-NH. www.datausa.io 9 Conferencia del Consejo de Biotecnología de Massachusetts (MassBio); previsión de McKinsey “La era de la mejor exponencial en la atención médica” https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/the-era-of- exponential-improvement-in-healthcare . EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-15 Departamento de Transporte de Massachusetts (Massachusetts Department of Transportation, MassDOT) en el 2014 y actualizada más recientemente en 2019, 10 calcula que los aeropuertos de Massport (incluidos el Aeropuerto Logan, Worcester Regional Airport y Hanscom Field) contribuyen con aproximadamente USD 23,1 mil millones en producción a la economía de Massachusetts anualmente. De esta producción, el 71 por ciento se debe solo al Aeropuerto Logan. 11 La producción total incluye negocios dentro del aeropuerto, construcción, visitantes y efectos multiplicadores (consulte la Figura 1-7 ). 12 El Aeropuerto Logan respalda más de 162 000 puestos de trabajo directos e indirectos, al mismo tiempo que genera aproximadamente USD 16,3 mil millones por año en producción económica total. 13 Figura 1-7 Impacto económico total de los aeropuertos de Massport Fuente: MassDOT, Massachusetts Statewide Airport Economic Impact Study Update, 2019. Notas: “Totales para Massachusetts” se refiere a la producción económica total de todos los aeropuertos de Massachusetts. 10 División de Aeronáutica de MassDOT. 2019. Actualización del estudio sobre el impacto económico de los aeropuertos del estado de Massachusetts. https://www.mass.gov/doc/aeronautics-economic-impact-study-2019/download . 11 Ibíd . 12 Los efectos multiplicadores se refieren a la recirculación del dinero en la economía local después de haber sido gastados inicialmente por el Aeropuerto, sus locatarios o los turistas. Esta recirculación aumenta el impacto general de las operaciones del Aeropuerto en la economía local. 13 División de Aeronáutica de MassDOT. 2019. Actualización del estudio del impacto económico del aeropuerto estatal de Massachusetts. https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2019/03/25/AeroEcon_ImpactStudy_January2019.pdf . EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-16 El Aeropuerto Logan se considera un aeropuerto de origen y destino (O&D) 14 tanto nacional como internacionalmente, lo que significa que, aproximadamente, el 90 por ciento de los pasajeros del Aeropuerto Logan inician o finalizan su viaje en el Aeropuerto Logan. Los aeropuertos principales, como el de Atlanta o Chicago, prestan servicios a muchos más pasajeros anualmente, pero en comparación con los aeropuertos de O&D, como el Aeropuerto Logan, pasa un porcentaje mayor de pasajeros en tránsito en los aeropuertos principales a través de los vuelos de conexión. El Aeropuerto Logan se considera un aeropuerto de origen y destino nacional e internacional, lo que significa que menos del 10 % de los pasajeros aéreos conectan a través del aeropuerto Logan. Estado de las predicciones En el ESPR del 2017 , se presentó una predicción actualizada para las operaciones de las aeronaves y la actividad de los pasajeros del Aeropuerto. La predicción se centró en un horizonte de planeación futura que incluyó una proyección de 50 millones de pasajeros aéreos anuales y 486 000 operaciones de aeronaves anuales. Las proyecciones del ESPR de Massport fueron congruentes con la proyección del área de la terminal de la Administración Federal de Aviación (FAA) en ese momento. Sin embargo, la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha reducido drásticamente el tráfico de pasajeros aéreos en el 2020 y 2021, y no se espera volver a los niveles de 2019 a corto plazo. Debido a la economía sólida en los meses anteriores al inicio de la pandemia de la COVID-19, los niveles de actividad de los pasajeros y las operaciones de las aeronaves en el aeropuerto de Logan aumentaron rápidamente. Ese crecimiento se debió en gran parte a las condiciones económicas positivas en la región de Boston, el bajo desempleo, una base económica diversa y fuerte, y la inversión continua en bienes raíces comerciales y residenciales, en ciencias biológicas en particular, en las finanzas, en la atención médica y en la educación superior. Al igual que en otros aeropuertos de los EE. UU., esta tendencia de crecimiento se vio alterada en marzo del 2020, al comienzo de la pandemia. En consecuencia, las proyecciones del ESPR del 2017 tendrán que actualizarse a medida que se comprendan mejor los efectos a más largo plazo de la pandemia de la COVID-19. La metodología para las próximas previsiones del ESPR del 2022 se preparará utilizando técnicas de previsión estándar del sector, que incluyen los siguientes análisis: Patrones históricos de tráfico aeroportuario y tarifas aéreas. Datos históricos socioeconómicos y demográficos. Estrategias de las aerolíneas y tendencias de la industria. Previsión de datos socioeconómicos y demográficos. Esta metodología es similar a la utilizada por la FAA para desarrollar la Previsión del Área de Terminal. 14 El “tráfico de origen y de destino” se refiere al tráfico de los pasajeros que se origina o que termina en un aeropuerto o en un mercado en particular. Un mercado de O&D fuerte, como Boston, genera una demanda local de pasajeros significativa, ya que muchos pasajeros inician y terminan su viaje en ese mercado. El tráfico de O&D es diferente al tráfico de conexión, que es tráfico de pasajeros que no inician ni terminan en el aeropuerto, sino que solo hacen conexiones en el aeropuerto en ruta hacia otros destinos. EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-17 Las previsiones se elaborarán combinando una metodología microeconómica ascendente (a corto plazo) y una metodología macroeconómica descendente. La previsión ascendente incluye una revisión de las tendencias recientes del sector y de las expectativas de los futuros datos de servicios y horarios de las aerolíneas. Incorporará las aportaciones de las compañías aéreas en relación con la recuperación de la capacidad a corto plazo de la COVID-19, así como las aportaciones de grupos comerciales del sector como Airlines For America (A4A), la Asociación Internacional de Transporte Aéreo (International Air Transport Association, IATA) y el Consejo Internacional de Aeropuertos (Airports Council International, ACI). Estos grupos industriales proporcionan un contexto importante en la recuperación de los mercados de entrada, como Boston, en comparación con los mercados nacionales y regionales. Los análisis estadísticos de la relación entre la demanda histórica y las condiciones económicas locales y nacionales servirán de base para la previsión descendente a largo plazo. Anteriormente, factores econométricos como el Proyecto Interior Bruto (Gross Domestic Project, GDP) de los Estados Unidos, el GDP regional, la renta personal total regional y el costo del combustible sirvieron como variables independientes representativas en el análisis de regresión. Dado el tamaño del mercado de Boston y su fuerte economía, estos factores pueden volver a utilizarse en las previsiones de la demanda de aviación del ESPR del 2022 . También es importante señalar que, dada la posición del Aeropuerto Logan en el mercado regional del noreste, también se tendrán en cuenta las tendencias y la dinámica del mercado en otros aeropuertos cercanos, como el Aeropuerto Regional de Manchester-Boston (MHT) y el T.F. de Rhode Island T.F. Green International Airport (PVD). Inversiones de Massport en el Aeropuerto Logan Massport controla, evalúa e implementa mejoras constantemente en el Aeropuerto Logan, en la seguridad, en la eficacia operativa y en el acceso desde y hacia el área metropolitana de Boston, mientras controla atentamente los efectos medioambientales de las operaciones del Aeropuerto Logan. Los proyectos del área de la terminal recientes y en curso están destinados a brindar una conectividad posterior a la seguridad sin inconvenientes entre las terminales y mejoras al sistema de proceso de pasajeros a través de las áreas de verificación de seguridad consolidadas. El acceso al Aeropuerto Logan y sus alrededores continúa siendo una prioridad. Massport continúa trabajando con la FAA para mejorar la seguridad en la zona de operaciones a través de una variedad de mejoras en la seguridad del área de las pistas (runway safety area, RSA) y de simplificaciones en la geometría del campo de aviación Como se mencionó anteriormente, los efectos de la pandemia de la COVID-19 han precipitado una gran serie de cambios en el Aeropuerto Logan. Tanto la disminución de los pasajeros como los ingresos asociados en el 2020 y 2021 han requerido importantes ajustes en los servicios y en los cronogramas de los proyectos. Massport se ha centrado en ajustar los servicios para que se ajusten a los cambiantes niveles de pasajeros y en asegurar que esos cambios se hagan teniendo muy en cuenta la gestión de los impactos ambientales y operativos. En algunas áreas, se ajustaron los programas para reflejar las necesidades actuales y los impactos. Massport mantiene su compromiso de aplicar las estrategias de EDR del 2020/2021 del Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston Introducción/Resumen ejecutivo 1-18 mitigación relacionadas con el proyecto, como se documenta en el capítulo 9, Medidas medioambientales beneficiosas y compromisos de mitigación del proyecto . Aspectos destacados y hallazgos clave del 2020 y 2021 Esta sección brinda un breve resumen de los hallazgos clave, por capítulo, en el Aeropuerto Logan en el 2020 y 2021. Se ofrece información adicional sobre las actividades del Aeropuerto en los capítulos subsiguientes. Esta sección también destaca las iniciativas de Massport para una mayor sustentabilidad a través de proyectos específicos e iniciativas con una hoja de sustentabilidad y resume el programa de sustentabilidad de Massport. La certificación del secretario para el EDR del 2018/2019 , que constituyó el alcance de este EDR del 2020/2021 , reconoció que los niveles de actividad y las operaciones han disminuido debido a la pandemia de la COVID-19. Dada la anomalía de este calendario de informes, la MEPA ordenó que se presentara un EDR del 2020 y 2021 combinado para proporcionar una indicación más clara de las tendencias de crecimiento posteriores a la pandemia, junto con una metodología para la próxima previsión futura. A partir de la presentación de este EDR del 2020/2021 , el Aeropuerto Logan sigue recuperándose de la reducción de la demanda por la pandemia de la COVID-19. Los efectos de la COVID-19 en la industria de la aviación y el Aeropuerto de Logan siguen evolucionando. Como consecuencia, el ESPR del 2022 proporcionará una previsión actualizada, reflejando la continua recuperación de la pandemia, así como los cambios de la industria que están reconfigurando la aviación en los Estados Unidos y a nivel internacional. Niveles de actividad Hasta el inicio de la pandemia de la COVID-19, el Aeropuerto Logan (y la industria de la aviación en general) había estado experimentando un fuerte crecimiento, en gran parte por las condiciones económicas positivas en la región de Boston, el bajo desempleo, una base económica diversa y fuerte, y la inversión continua en bienes raíces comerciales y residenciales, en ciencias biológicas en particular, en las finanzas, en la atención médica y en la educación superior. Debido a la pandemia de la COVID-19, los niveles de pasajeros y las operaciones del 2020 han disminuido drásticamente y los niveles de pasajeros del 2021 muestran un retorno gradual hacia los niveles del 2019. Al igual que el resto de la industria aeroportuaria estadounidense, el Aeropuerto Logan ha experimentado un fuerte descenso de la actividad de las aerolíneas y del volumen de pasajeros en los dos últimos años. Los diferentes estados y regiones dentro de los EE. UU. han diferido en su respuesta a las restricciones de la COVID-19, lo que a su vez reflejó la voluntad de los consumidores de reanudar los viajes hacia y desde determinados mercados. El resultado neto es que la recuperación del transporte aéreo en el Aeropuerto Logan es un trabajo en curso. El Aeropuerto Logan se ha recuperado a un ritmo más lento si se compara con la recuperación general de pasajeros programados en los Estados Unidos, que recuperó el 72,7 % de sus niveles del 2019 en 2021. 15 Antes de la pandemia, el Aeropuerto Log
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